The Indo-European Language Family

印欧语系的语言

  1. Armenian 亚美尼亚语族: Armenian, Western Armenian (西部亚美尼亚语), Zok Armenian (佐克亚美尼亚语) 
  2. Indo-Iranian 印度-伊朗语族:
            1.Indo-Aryan     印度-雅利安语支:
              a. Sinhalese-Maldivian     僧伽罗-马尔代夫语组:
                          Maldivian (Dhivehi), Sinhala (Singhalese), Veddah (Vedda)
              b. Northwestern zone     西北区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Dardic     达尔德语组:
                           Kohistani:
                                Bateri,     Chilisso    (奇利索语), Degano (德格诺语) (Wotapuri-Katarqalai 沃塔普里语-卡塔尔喀莱语), Gawri (Kalami), Gowro,
                                Indus Kohistani (Maiyã),     Mankiyali    , Tirahi (    蒂勒希语), Torwali
                           Chitral: Kalasha, Khowar
                           Kunar:
                                   Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Grangali (    格兰加里语), Northeast Pashai, Northwest Pashai, Southeast Pashai, Southwest Pashai,
                                   Shumashti (舒马斯梯    语)
                           Shina:
                                Brokskat,     Kalkoti, Kundal Shahi, Palura (Phalura), Savi, Shina, Kohistani Shina, Ushojo
                           Kashmiri: Kashimri, Poguli     (    普古里语)
                    ii. Western Panjabi:
                                 Northern Hindko, Southern Hindko, Inku (    印库语), Khetrani (克特拉尼语), Pahari-Potwari, Western Punjabi, Saraiki (Siraiki)
                   iii. Sindhi:     Jadgali (    贾德加里语), Kachchi, Lasi (腊斯语), Luwati (Lawatiyya 拉瓦蒂雅语), Kholosi (科罗斯语),
                                       Sindhi, Sindhi Bhil (    信德比尔语)
              c. Central zone     中区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Bhili: 
                               Palya Bareli, Pauri Bareli (    鲍里语), Rathwi Bareli, Bauria, Bhili, Chodri, Bhilali (比拉里语), Dhodia (多迪亚语), Dubli (杜布里语),
                           Dungra Bhil    , Gamit (    加米特语), Adiwasi Garasia (阿迪瓦斯-加拉西亚语), Kotvala (科特瓦拉语), Rajput Garasia, Mawchi (茂奇语),
                               Nahali (    纳哈利语), Noiri (诺伊里语), Pardhi,  Rathawi (Rathwi) (拉塔维语), Wagdi
                   ii. Dom:     Domari
                  iii. Gujarati:
                              Aer (埃尔    语), Gujarati, Jandavra (赞达夫拉语), Kachi Koli, Parkari Koli, Wadiyara Koli (瓦迪雅拉科里语), Sourashtra (Saurashtra),
                          Vaghri (    瓦戈里语), Vasavi
                  iv. Khandeshi:     Ahirani, Dhanki (    丹基语), Khandeshi
                   v. Punjabi: Eastern Punjabi
                  vi. Rajastani: 
                           Marwari:
                                Dhatki, Dhundari, Goaria( 瓜里亚    语), Godwari (戈德瓦里语), Jogi (乔吉语), Loarki (洛亚基语), Marwari (India),
                                    Marwari (Pakistan), Merwari (    梅尔瓦里语), Mewari, Shekhawati
                           Unclassified:
                                Bagri,     Gade Lohar, Gujari (Gojri), Gurgula (    古尔古拉语), Horoti (Harauti), Lambadi (Lamani), Malvi, Nimadi (尼马迪语)
                 vii. Romani: 
                           Balkan: Balkan Romani,     Zargari
                           Northern:     Baltic Romani, Carpathian Romani, Kalo Finnish Romani, Sinte Romani (Sinti Romani),     †Welsh Romani
                           Vlax:     Vlax Romani
                viii. Unclassified:      
                               Mewati (    梅瓦蒂语), Parya, Sonha (松哈语), Dangaura Tharu, Kathoriya Tharu
                  ix. Western Hindi: 
                                Bundeli (    本德里语)
                            Hidustani: Hindi, Urdu
                                Sansi:  Kabutra (    卡布特拉语), Sansi (桑斯语)
                                Unclassified:
                                 Bhaya (    巴雅语), Braj Bhasha (布莱巴萨语), Chamari, Ghera (格拉语), Gowli (戈里语), Haryanvi (Bangaru), Kanauji (卡瑙基语)  
                   x. Domaaki: Domaaki     (Dumaaki), Powari (    波瓦里语)
              d. East-Central zone     东中区印度-雅利安诸语:
                           Awadhi, Bagheli (    巴格里语), Chhattisgarhi, Hindi,  Fiji Hindi, Kamar (卡马尔语), Surgujia
              e. Eastern zone     东区印度-雅利安诸语:
                     i. Bengali-Assamese: 
                            Assamese, Bengali,     Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian (    吉大港语), Hajong, Halbi, Kewat (科瓦特语),
                            Kharia Thar (    卡里亚塔尔语), Kurmukar (库尔穆卡尔语), Lodhi (Lodha), Mal Paharia (马尔-帕哈里亚语),
                                Mirgan (米尔甘    语), Nahari (纳哈力语), Rajbanshi, Rangpuri (朗普里语), Rohingya, Sylhetti (西赫梯语), Tangchangy
                    ii. Bihari: 
                               Bhojpuri, Sarnami Hindustani (    苏里南印度斯坦语), Gojapuri, Kudmali (库德马里语), Magahi, Maithili, Majhi (迈希语),
                               Musasa (    穆萨萨语), Panchpargania (潘奇帕尔加尼亚语), Sadri, Oraon Sadri (奥拉昂萨达里语), Surjapuri (苏尔贾普里语)
                  iii. Oriya: 
                               Bhatri (    巴特里语), Bhunjia (本贾语), Bodo Parja, Desiya, Kupia, Odia (Oriya), Reli (勒里语), Sambalpuri
                  iv. Unclassified: 
                               Angika (    安吉卡语), Bote-Majhi (博特迈希语), Buksa (布克萨语), Degaru (德贾鲁语),  Central Tharu,
                               Madhya-Purbiya Tharu (Kochila Tharu)(    马迪雅-普尔比亚塔鲁语    ), Rana Tharu
              f. Northern zone     北区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Eastern Pahari: Dotyali     (    多梯亚里语), Jumli (琼里语), Nepali, Palpa (帕尔帕语)
                   ii. Garhwari:     Garhwari, Bangani
                  iii. Kumauni:     Kumauni
                  iv. Western Pahari: 
                                Bhadrawahi (    巴德拉瓦希语), Bhattiyali (巴梯亚里语), Bilaspuri (比拉斯普里语), Chambeali (昌贝阿里语),
                            Churahi (    楚拉希语), Dogri, Gaddi (贾迪语), Hinduri (欣杜里语), Jaunsari, Kangri, Kinnauri Pahari,
                            Mandeali (Mandyali), Kullu Pahari, Mahasu Pahari (    马哈苏-帕哈里语), Pangwali, Sirmauri (斯尔茂里语)
              h. Southern zone     南区印度-雅利安诸语: 
                    Marathi: Marathi
                    Konkani: Katkari (    卡特卡里语), Konkani, Goan Konkani (果阿孔卡尼语), Kukna, Phudagi (普达吉语), Samvedi (桑维蒂语),
                    Varli, Bhalay(    巴莱语), Deccan, Gowlan (戈兰语), Varhadi-Nagpuri (瓦尔哈迪-纳格普里语)
              i. Unclassified     未分类印度-雅利安诸语: 
                         Andh (    安德赫语), Chinali, Danuwar (达努瓦里语), Darai, Dewes Rai (德维斯莱语), Kanjari (坎贾里语), Kumal (库马尔语),
                     Lahul Lohar (    拉胡尔洛哈尔语), Memoni (梅莫尼语), Oadki (Od), Vaagri Booli (Hakkipikki)
    3.Nuristani 努里斯坦    语支: Ashkun, Kamviri, Kati, Prasuni, Tregami (    特雷加米语), Waigali (Kalasha-ala)
    4.Iranian     伊朗语支:
          a. Northeastern     东北伊朗语组: Ossetic, Yagnobi (Yaghnobi)
          b. Southeastern     东南伊朗语组:
                  i. Pamir     帕米尔高原伊朗诸语: 
                         Ishkashmi,     Munji, Sanglechi (    桑勒奇    语), Sarikoli, Shughni, Wakhi, Yazghulami (Yazghulami), Yadgha (Yidgha)
                 ii. Pashto:
                             Central Pashto, Northern Pashto(    北部普什图语), Southern Pashto, Waneci (瓦内茨语)
          c. Northwestern     西北伊朗语组:
                  i. Balochi: 
                         Eastern Balochi     (东部俾路支    语), Southern Balochi, Western Balochi (西部俾路支语), Bashkardi (巴斯卡尔迪语), Koroshi
                 ii. Caspian: Gilaki, Mazanderani,     Shahmirzadi
                iii. Central Iranian:
                             Ashtiani (    阿什梯安语), Gazi (贾兹语), Jowshaqani (乔沙喀尼语), Khunsari (昆萨里语), Natanzi (纳坦兹语), Parsi-Dari (帕尔斯达里语),
                         Parsi (帕尔斯    语), Sivandi (斯凡迪语), Soi (索伊语), Vafsi, Zoroastrian Dari
                iv. Kurdish:
                            Central Kurdish (Sorani), Northern Kurdish (Kermanji), Southern Kurdish (    南部库尔德语), Laki
                 v. Ormuri-Parachi: Ormuri, Parachi
                iv. Semnani:
                             Lasgerdi (    拉斯格尔迪语), Sangisar, Semnani, Sorkhei (索尔赫伊语)
               iiv. Talysh:
                             Alviri-Vidari (阿尔维里-维达里    语), Eshtehardi (埃斯特哈尔迪语), Gozarkhani (戈扎尔坎语), Harzani, Kabatei (卡巴特伊语),
                         Kajali (    卡贾里语), Karingani, Kho'ini (科伊因语), Koresh-e Rostam (科雷斯埃-罗斯塔姆语), Maraghei (马拉格伊语),
                         Razajerdi (    拉扎吉尔迪语), Rudbari (鲁德巴里语), Shahrudi (沙赫鲁迪语), Takestani (塔克斯坦语), Talysh,
                             Upper Taromi (上部塔罗米    语)
              iiiv. Zaza-Gorani:
                            Bajelani (    巴杰兰语), Gurani (古拉尼语), Sarli (萨尔里语), Shabak (沙巴克语), Northern Zazaki (北部扎扎基语 /Kirmanjki 基尔马尼基语
                        Southern Zazaki (Dimli)
          d. Southwestern     西南伊朗语组:
                 i. Fars: Southwestern Fars    , Lari
                ii. Luri:     Bakhtiari, Kumzari, Northern Luri, Southern Luri
              iii. Persian: 
                          Aimaq (    艾马克语), Bukharic (布卡里克语), Dari, Dehwari (德赫瓦里语), Dzhidi (德芝迪语), Western Farsi (Persian), Hazaragi,
                      Pahlavani (    帕拉瓦语), Tajiki
               iv. Tati:     Judeo-Tat, Muslim Tat (Tati)
          e. Unclassified:     Badesh (    巴德斯语)
  3. Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚语族:
            1. Gheg: Gheg Albanian (盖格阿尔巴尼亚语)
        2. Tosk: Arbëreshë Albanian     (阿尔伯雷什阿尔巴尼亚语), Arvantika Albanian (阿尔瓦尼蒂卡阿尔巴尼亚语),     Tosk Albanian (托斯克阿尔巴尼亚语)
  4. Greek 希腊语族:
            1. Attic: Cappadocian Greek (卡帕多西亚    希腊语), Greek (希腊语), †Ancient Greek (古代希腊语), Pontic Greek (本都希腊语)
        2. Doric: Tsakonian     (    特萨科尼恩希腊语)
  5. Italic 意大利语族:
       1.Latin:     Latin
       2.Eastern Romance     东部    罗曼语支: 
               Romanian     (Rumanian),     Istro-Romanian, Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian
          3.Italo-Western 意大利-西部罗曼语支:
              a. Italo-Dalmatian:
                      Istriot,     Italian, Judeo-Italian (    犹太意大利语), Napoletano-Calabrese, Sicilian
              b. Western:
                    i. Gallo-Iberian:
                           Gallo-Romance:
                               Gallo-Italian: Emilian (Emiliano), Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Romagnol     (    罗马涅语) Venetian
                               Gallo-Rhaetian:
                                        Oïl:
                                         French, Cajun French     (    卡津法语/路易斯安那法语), Guernésiais, Jèrriais (泽西法语 / 耶里亚斯法语), Picard, Walloon
                                         Southeastern: Arpitan (Provençal)     (阿尔卑坦语 /     法兰科普罗旺斯语)
                                    Rhaetian: Friulian, Ladin, Romansch
                   ii. Iberian-Romance:
                            East Iberian:     Catalan
                            Oc: Occitan, Shuadit     (苏阿迪特    语) / Judeo-Provençal (犹太-法兰科普罗旺斯语)
                            West Iberian:
                                 Asturo-Leonese: Asturian, Mirandese     (    米兰德斯语)
                                 Castilian:     Extremaduran, Ladino, Spanish, Charapa Spanish (恰拉帕西班牙语)
                                     Portuguese-    Galician: Fala, Galician, Minderico (明德里科语), Portuguese  
                   ii. Pyrenean-Mozarabic: Aragonese
       4.Southern     南部罗曼语支:
                   a. Corsican: Corsican
               b. Sardinian: Campidanian Sardinian    , Galluresere Sardinian, Logudorese Sardinian, Sassarese Sardinian
  6. Celtic 凯尔特语族:
        1.    Brythonic 布里索尼语支: Breton, Cornish, Welsh
        2.    Goidelic 戈伊迪语支: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic
  7. Germanic 日耳曼语族:
        1.North     北部日耳曼语支: 
              a. East Scandinavian:     Danish, Norwegian, Övdalian (Elfdalian), Swedish
              b. West Scandinavian:     Farorese, Icelandic
        2.West 西部日耳曼    语    支:
               a. English: English    , Modern Scots
               b. Frisian: Frisian (West Frisian), Northern Frisian,     Saterfriesische (Sater Frisian / East Frisian)
                   c. Middle German:
                               East Middle German: Standard German, Upper Saxon, Lower Silesian, Luxembourgish, Eastern Franconian, Wymysorys
                               West Middle German: Limburgisch, Palatinate Franconian (Palatine German / Pfälzisch), Pennsylvania German, Ripuarian (Kölsch)
                           Yiddish: Eastern Yiddish, Western Yiddish
               d. Upper German:     Swiss German (Alemanic / Schwyzerdütsch), Swabian, Walser, Bavarian, Cimbrian, Hutterisch, Mócheno
               e.     Low Franconian-Low Saxon:
                       Low Franconian:     Afrikaans, Dutch, Western Flemish (Vlaams), Zeeuws (Zeelandic) 
                           Low Saxon: Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low Saxon), Sallands,
                           Stellingwerfs, Twents (Twentse), Veluws, Westphalien, Eastern Frisian Low Saxon  Low Saxon
  8. Balto-Slavic 波罗的海-斯拉夫语族:
        1.Baltic 波罗的海语支: 
              a. Eastern: Latgalian (    拉特加莱语), Latvian, Lithuanian, Samogitian (萨莫吉提亚语)
              b. Western:     †Prussian (普鲁士语)
        2.Slavic     斯拉夫语支:
              a. East 东部    斯拉夫语组:
                       Belarusian, Russian,     Rusyn (Rusinian), Ukrainian
              b. South 南部    斯拉夫语组:
                        i. Eastern: Bulgarian, Macedonian,      †Church Slovinic (教会斯拉夫语), Slovene
                       ii. Western:     Bosnian (波斯尼亚语), Chakavian (查卡维雅语), Croatian (克罗地亚语), Montenegrin  (蒙特内哥罗语 / 黑山语),
                           Serbian, Slavomolisano     (莫利塞斯拉夫语)
                 c. West 西部斯拉夫语组:  
                        i. Czech-Slovak: Czech, Slovak
                       ii. Lechtic: Kashubian, Polish,     Silesian (西里西亚语)
                      iii. Sorbian:Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian

   注明：语言名称和语言组名称之前面有一个匕首 （†）号的是已经灭绝的语言

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