The Indo-European Language Family

印欧语系的语言


  1. Armenian 亚美尼亚语族: Armenian, Western Armenian (西部亚美尼亚语), Zok Armenian (克亚美尼亚语
  2. Indo-Iranian 印度-伊朗语族:
       
    1.Indo-Aryan
    印度-雅利安语支:
              a. Sinhalese-Maldivian
    僧伽罗-马尔代夫语组:
                     
    Maldivian (Dhivehi), Sinhala (Singhalese), Veddah (Vedda)
              b. Northwestern zone
    西北区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Dardic
    尔德语组:
                           Kohistani:
                                Bateri,
    Chilisso
    (奇利索语), Degano (德格诺语) (Wotapuri-Katarqalai 沃塔普里语-卡塔尔喀莱语), Gawri (Kalami), Gowro,
                                Indus Kohistani (Maiyã),
    Mankiyali
    , Tirahi (
    蒂勒希语), Torwali
                           Chitral: Kalasha, Khowar
                           Kunar:
                              
    Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Grangali (
    格兰加里语), Northeast Pashai, Northwest Pashai, Southeast Pashai, Southwest Pashai,
                              
    Shumashti (舒马斯梯
    )
                           Shina:
                                Brokskat,
    Kalkoti, Kundal Shahi, Palura (Phalura), Savi, Shina, Kohistani Shina, Ushojo
                           Kashmiri: Kashimri, Poguli
    (
    普古里语)
                    ii. Western Panjabi:
                            
    Northern Hindko, Southern Hindko, Inku (
    印库语), Khetrani (特拉尼语), Pahari-Potwari, Western Punjabi, Saraiki (Siraiki)
                   iii. Sindhi:
    Jadgali (
    贾德加里语), Kachchi, Lasi (腊斯), Luwati (Lawatiyya 拉瓦蒂雅语), Kholosi (科罗斯语),
                                 
     Sindhi, Sindhi Bhil (
    信德比尔语)
              c. Central zone
    中区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Bhili: 

                          
    Palya Bareli, Pauri Bareli (
    里语), Rathwi Bareli, Bauria, Bhili, Chodri, Bhilali (比拉里), Dhodia (多迪亚语), Dubli (杜布里语),
                           Dungra Bhil
    , Gamit (
    米特语), Adiwasi Garasia (阿迪瓦斯-加拉西亚), Kotvala (科特瓦拉语), Rajput Garasia, Mawchi (茂奇语),
                          
    Nahali (
    纳哈利语), Noiri (诺伊里), Pardhi Rathawi (Rathwi) (拉塔维语), Wagdi
                   ii. Dom:
    Domari
                  iii. Gujarati:
                         
    Aer (埃尔
    ), Gujarati, Jandavra (赞达夫拉), Kachi Koli, Parkari Koli, Wadiyara Koli (瓦迪雅拉科里), Sourashtra (Saurashtra),
                          Vaghri (
    瓦戈里语), Vasavi
                  iv. Khandeshi:
    Ahirani, Dhanki (
    丹基语), Khandeshi
                   v. Punjabi: Eastern Punjabi
                  vi. Rajastani: 
                           Marwari:
                                Dhatki, Dhundari, Goaria( 瓜里亚
    ), Godwari (戈德瓦里), Jogi (乔吉语), Loarki (洛亚基语), Marwari (India),
                              
     Marwari (Pakistan), Merwari (
    梅尔瓦里语), Mewari, Shekhawati
                           Unclassified:
                                Bagri,
    Gade Lohar, Gujari (Gojri), Gurgula (
    古尔古拉语), Horoti (Harauti), Lambadi (Lamani), Malvi, Nimadi (尼马迪语)
                 vii. Romani: 
                           Balkan: Balkan Romani,
    Zargari
                           Northern:
    Baltic Romani, Carpathian Romani, Kalo Finnish Romani, Sinte Romani (Sinti Romani),
    Welsh Romani
                           Vlax:
    Vlax Romani
                viii. Unclassified:
     
                          
    Mewati (
    梅瓦蒂语), Parya, Sonha (松哈语), Dangaura Tharu, Kathoriya Tharu
                  ix. Western Hindi: 
                           
    Bundeli (
    本德里语)
                            Hidustani: Hindi, Urdu
                           
    Sansi:  Kabutra (
    卡布特拉语), Sansi (桑斯)
                          
     Unclassified:
                                 Bhaya (
    巴雅语), Braj Bhasha (莱巴萨语), Chamari, Ghera (格拉), Gowli (里语), Haryanvi (Bangaru), Kanauji (卡瑙基语)  
                   x. Domaaki: Domaaki
    (Dumaaki), Powari (
    波瓦里语)
              d. East-Central zone
    东中区印度-雅利安诸语:
                      
    Awadhi, Bagheli (
    巴格里语), Chhattisgarhi, Hindi,  Fiji Hindi, Kamar (卡马尔语), Surgujia
              e. Eastern zone
    东区印度-雅利安诸语:
                     i. Bengali-Assamese: 
                            Assamese, Bengali,
    Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian (
    吉大港语), Hajong, Halbi, Kewat (科瓦特语),
                            Kharia Thar (
    卡里亚塔尔语), Kurmukar (库尔穆卡尔语), Lodhi (Lodha), Mal Paharia (马尔-帕哈里亚语),
                           
    Mirgan (米尔甘
    ), Nahari (纳哈力语), Rajbanshi, Rangpuri (朗普里语), Rohingya, Sylhetti (西赫梯), Tangchangy
                    ii. Bihari: 
                          
    Bhojpuri, Sarnami Hindustani (
    苏里南印度斯坦语), Gojapuri, Kudmali (库德马里语), Magahi, Maithili, Majhi (迈希语),
                           
    Musasa (
    穆萨萨语), Panchpargania (潘奇帕尔加尼亚语), Sadri, Oraon Sadri (奥拉昂萨达里), Surjapuri (苏尔贾普里语)
                  iii. Oriya: 
                          
    Bhatri (
    巴特里语), Bhunjia (本贾语), Bodo Parja, Desiya, Kupia, Odia (Oriya), Reli (勒里语), Sambalpuri
                  iv. Unclassified: 

                          
    Angika (
    安吉卡语), Bote-Majhi (博特迈希语), Buksa (布克萨语), Degaru (德贾鲁语),  Central Tharu,
                          
    Madhya-Purbiya Tharu (Kochila Tharu)(
    马迪雅-普尔比亚塔鲁语
    ), Rana Tharu
              f. Northern zone
    北区印度-雅利安诸语:
                    i. Eastern Pahari: Dotyali
    (
    多梯亚里语), Jumli (琼里), Nepali, Palpa (帕尔帕语)
                   ii. Garhwari:
    Garhwari, Bangani
                  iii. Kumauni:
    Kumauni
                  iv. Western Pahari: 

                           
    Bhadrawahi (
    巴德拉瓦希语), Bhattiyali (巴梯亚里语), Bilaspuri (比拉斯普里语), Chambeali (昌贝阿里),
                            Churahi (
    楚拉希语), Dogri, Gaddi (贾迪语), Hinduri (欣杜里), Jaunsari, Kangri, Kinnauri Pahari,
                            Mandeali (Mandyali), Kullu Pahari, Mahasu Pahari (
    马哈苏-帕哈里语), Pangwali, Sirmauri (斯尔茂里语)
              h. Southern zone
    南区印度-雅利安诸语
                    Marathi: Marathi

                    Konkani: Katkari (
    卡特卡里语), Konkani, Goan Konkani (果阿孔卡尼语), Kukna, Phudagi (普达吉语), Samvedi (桑维蒂语),
                    Varli, Bhalay(
    莱语), Deccan, Gowlan (兰语), Varhadi-Nagpuri (尔哈迪-纳格普里语)
              i. Unclassified
    未分类印度-雅利安诸语
                     
    Andh (
    安德赫语), Chinali, Danuwar (努瓦里语), Darai, Dewes Rai (德维斯莱语), Kanjari (坎贾里), Kumal (库马尔语),
                     Lahul Lohar (
    拉胡尔洛哈尔语), Memoni (梅莫尼语), Oadki (Od), Vaagri Booli (Hakkipikki)
    3.Nuristani 努里斯坦
    语支: Ashkun, Kamviri, Kati, Prasuni, Tregami (
    特雷加米语), Waigali (Kalasha-ala)
    4.Iranian
    伊朗语支:
          a. Northeastern
    东北伊朗语组: Ossetic, Yagnobi (Yaghnobi)
          b. Southeastern
    东南伊朗语组:
                  i. Pamir
    米尔高原伊朗诸语
                         Ishkashmi,
    Munji, Sanglechi (
    勒奇
    ), Sarikoli, Shughni, Wakhi, Yazghulami (Yazghulami), Yadgha (Yidgha)
                 ii. Pashto:

                        
    Central Pashto, Northern Pashto(
    北部普什图语), Southern Pashto, Waneci (瓦内茨)
          c. Northwestern
    西北伊朗语组:
                  i. Balochi: 
                         Eastern Balochi
    (东部俾路支
    ), Southern Balochi, Western Balochi (西部俾路支), Bashkardi (巴斯卡尔迪语), Koroshi
                 ii. Caspian: Gilaki, Mazanderani,
    Shahmirzadi
                iii. Central Iranian:

                        
    Ashtiani (
    阿什梯安语), Gazi (贾兹语), Jowshaqani (沙喀尼), Khunsari (昆萨里语), Natanzi (纳坦兹语), Parsi-Dari (帕尔斯达里语),
                         Parsi (帕尔斯
    ), Sivandi (斯凡迪语), Soi (索伊), Vafsi, Zoroastrian Dari
                iv. Kurdish:

                       
    Central Kurdish (Sorani), Northern Kurdish (Kermanji), Southern Kurdish (
    南部库尔德语), Laki
                 v. Ormuri-Parachi: Ormuri, Parachi
                iv. Semnani:
                        
    Lasgerdi (
    拉斯格尔迪语), Sangisar, Semnani, Sorkhei (索尔赫伊语)
               iiv. Talysh:

                        
    Alviri-Vidari (阿尔维里-维达里
    ), Eshtehardi (埃斯特哈尔迪), Gozarkhani (戈扎尔坎语), Harzani, Kabatei (卡巴特伊语),
                         Kajali (
    卡贾里语), Karingani, Kho'ini (科伊因语), Koresh-e Rostam (科雷斯埃-罗斯塔姆), Maraghei (马拉格伊语),
                         Razajerdi (
    拉扎吉尔迪语), Rudbari (鲁德巴里), Shahrudi (沙赫鲁迪), Takestani (塔克斯坦), Talysh,
                        
    Upper Taromi (上部塔罗米
    )
              iiiv. Zaza-Gorani:

                       
    Bajelani (
    巴杰兰语), Gurani (古拉尼语), Sarli (萨尔里语), Shabak (沙巴克语), Northern Zazaki (北部扎扎基语 /Kirmanjki 基尔马尼基语
                        Southern Zazaki (Dimli)

          d. Southwestern
    西南伊朗语组:
                 i. Fars: Southwestern Fars
    , Lari
                ii. Luri:
    Bakhtiari, Kumzari, Northern Luri, Southern Luri
              iii. Persian: 

                     
    Aimaq (
    马克), Bukharic (布卡里克语), Dari, Dehwari (德赫瓦里), Dzhidi (德芝迪), Western Farsi (Persian), Hazaragi,
                      Pahlavani (
    帕拉瓦语), Tajiki
               iv. Tati:
    Judeo-Tat, Muslim Tat (Tati)
          e. Unclassified:
    Badesh (
    巴德斯语)
  3. Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚语:
       
    1. Gheg: Gheg Albanian (盖格阿尔巴尼亚语)

        2. Tosk: Arbëreshë Albanian
    (阿尔伯雷什阿尔巴尼亚语), Arvantika Albanian (阿尔瓦尼蒂卡阿尔巴尼亚语),
    Tosk Albanian (托斯克阿尔巴尼亚语)
  4. Greek 希腊语:
       
    1. Attic: Cappadocian Greek (卡帕多西亚
    希腊语), Greek (希腊语), Ancient Greek (古代希腊语), Pontic Greek (本都希腊语)
        2. Doric: Tsakonian
    (
    特萨科尼恩希腊语)
  5. Italic 意大利:
       1.Latin:
    Latin

       2.Eastern Romance
    东部
    罗曼语
               Romanian
    (Rumanian),
    Istro-Romanian, Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian
     
    3.Italo-Western 意大利-西部罗曼语支:
              a. Italo-Dalmatian:
                      Istriot,
    Italian, Judeo-Italian (
    犹太意大利语), Napoletano-Calabrese, Sicilian
              b. Western:
                    i. Gallo-Iberian:
                           Gallo-Romance:
                               Gallo-Italian: Emilian (Emiliano), Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Romagnol
    (
    罗马涅语) Venetian
                               Gallo-Rhaetian:
                                   
    Oïl:
                                         French, Cajun French
    (
    卡津法语/路易斯安那法语), Guernésiais, Jèrriais (泽西法语 / 耶里亚斯法语), Picard, Walloon
                                         Southeastern: Arpitan (Provençal)
    (阿尔卑坦语 /
    法兰科普罗旺斯语)
                                    Rhaetian: Friulian, Ladin, Romansch
                   ii. Iberian-Romance:
                            East Iberian:
    Catalan
                            Oc: Occitan, Shuadit
    (苏阿迪特
    ) / Judeo-Provençal (犹太-法兰科普罗旺斯)
                            West Iberian:
                                 Asturo-Leonese: Asturian, Mirandese
    (
    米兰德斯语)
                                 Castilian:
    Extremaduran, Ladino, Spanish, Charapa Spanish (恰拉帕西班牙语)
                                
    Portuguese-
    Galician: Fala, Galician, Minderico (明德里科语)Portuguese  
                   ii. Pyrenean-Mozarabic: Aragonese
       4.Southern
    南部罗曼语:
              
    a. Corsican: Corsican
               b. Sardinian: Campidanian Sardinian
    , Galluresere Sardinian, Logudorese Sardinian, Sassarese Sardinian
  6. Celtic 凯尔特语:
        1.
    Brythonic 布里索尼语: Breton, Cornish, Welsh
        2.
    Goidelic 戈伊迪支: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic
  7. Germanic 日耳曼:
        1.North
    部日耳曼
              a. East Scandinavian:
    Danish, Norwegian, Övdalian (Elfdalian), Swedish
              b. West Scandinavian:
    Farorese, Icelandic
        2.West 西部日耳曼
    :
               a. English: English
    , Modern Scots
               b. Frisian: Frisian (West Frisian), Northern Frisian,
    Saterfriesische (Sater Frisian / East Frisian)
              
    c. Middle German:
      
                   
    East Middle German: Standard German, Upper Saxon, Lower Silesian, Luxembourgish, Eastern Franconian, Wymysorys
      
                   
    West Middle German: Limburgisch, Palatinate Franconian (Palatine German / Pfälzisch), Pennsylvania German, Ripuarian (Kölsch)
                     
     Yiddish: Eastern Yiddish, Western Yiddish
               d. Upper German:
    Swiss German (Alemanic / Schwyzerdütsch), Swabian, Walser, Bavarian, Cimbrian, Hutterisch, Mócheno
               e.
    Low Franconian-Low Saxon:
                       Low Franconian:
    Afrikaans, Dutch, Western Flemish (Vlaams), Zeeuws (Zeelandic) 
                      
    Low Saxon: Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low Saxon), Sallands,
                      
    Stellingwerfs, Twents (Twentse), Veluws, Westphalien, Eastern Frisian Low Saxon  Low Saxon
  8. Balto-Slavic 波罗的海-斯拉夫:
        1.Baltic 波罗的海语支: 

              a. Eastern: Latgalian (
    特加莱语), Latvian, Lithuanian, Samogitian (萨莫吉提亚语)
              b. Western:
    †Prussian (鲁士)
        2.Slavic
    拉夫语支:
              a. East 东
    拉夫语组:
                       Belarusian, Russian,
    Rusyn (Rusinian), Ukrainian
              b. South 南
    拉夫语组:
                        i. Eastern: Bulgarian, Macedonian, 
    Church Slovinic (教会拉夫语), Slovene
                       ii. Western:
    Bosnian (波斯尼亚语), Chakavian (查卡维雅语), Croatian (克罗地亚), Montenegrin  (蒙特内哥罗语 / 黑山语),
                           Serbian, Slavomolisano
    (莫利塞斯拉夫语)
                 c. West 西拉夫语组:  
                        i. Czech-Slovak: Czech, Slovak
                       ii. Lechtic: Kashubian, Polish,
    Silesian (西里西亚)
                      iii. Sorbian:Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian

   注明:语言名称和语言组名称之前面有一个匕首 ()号的是已经灭绝的语言


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