Domari

Language name and location: Domari, Turkey, Syria, Jordan [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 多马里语, 土耳其, 叙利亚, 约旦, 巴勒斯坦, 黎巴嫩等中东国家

1. yēka ~ yōka (short forms yē ~ yō)	21. wīst yēka
2. dədī, dī (modifier)	22. wīst dədī
3. trən / tɾən /	23. wīst trən
4. štār /ʃtaːɾ /	24. wīšštār < wīst štār
5. panɡ̌ / pandʒ /	25. wīst panɡ̌
6. šēš /ʃeːʃ/ (Kurdish)	26. wīššēš < wīst šēš
7. ḥawt ~ ḥaft (Kurdish)	27. wīst ḥawṭ ~ ḥašt
8. ḥašt (Kurdish)	28. wīst ḥašt
9. nu (Kurdish) ~ nah (inherited)	29. wīst nah ~ nu
10. dazz / dazː/ (Kurdish)	30. sī /siː / (Kurdish)
11. dazz yēk	40. čəl / tʃəl / (Kurdish)
12. dazz dī	50. pēnǧā /pe:ndʒaː /(Kurdish)
13. dazz trən	60. trən wīst
14. dašštā < dazz štār	70. trən wīst dazz
15. dazz panɡ̌	80. trən wīst wīst ~ štār wīst
16. daššēš < dazz šēš	90. ṣadd illa dazz ~ štār wīst dazz
17. dazz ḥawṭ ~ dazz ḥaft	100. ṣadd (Kurdish)
18. dazz h̩ašt	200. dī ṣadd
19. dazz nah ~ nu	1000. hazār (Kurdish)
20. wīst (Kurdish)	2000. dī hazār

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Bruno Herin, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres, Belgium, February 13, 2013
提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Bruno Herin, 2013 年 2 月 13 日.

Other comments: Domari or Dom, Gypsy, Middle Eastern Romani, Tsigene is spoken by about 14,000 speakers Scattered in the region between Mersin and Sanliurfa provinces, Turkey as well as Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.

Domari has a decimal system mixed Indo-Aryan with loanwords from Kurdish and Greek origins. The data given above reflect forms recorded in several dialects of northern Domari (Aleppo, Saraqib and Beirut). The short forms yē and yō “one” are used as modifiers. The modified noun is also marked with the indefinite marker -ā(k): yē xašt-ā “one hand”, yō dīs-āk “one day”. The form dī “two” is used adnominally: dī wars “two years”, while dədī is a pro-form. Amongst the units, šēš “six”, ḥawt ~ ḥaft “seven”, ḥašt “eight” and nu “nine” were borrowed from Kurdish. Interestingly, an inherited form alternates for “nine”: nah. Tens from 20 to 50 were also borrowed from Kurdish, while 60 to 90 are formed by compounding a unit and Kurdish wīst “twenty” and inherited dazz “ten”. The compound ṣadd illa dazz “ninety” is a good example of the different layers of borrowing in northern Domari: ṣadd “hundred” was borrowed from Kurdish, illa “except” is from Arabic, and dazz is inherited. The form hazār “thousand” was also replicated from Kurdish.

In most contemporary dialects of southern Domari (spoken in Palestine and Jordan), numerals above five have been replaced by Arabic forms (Matras 2012). The original system was nevertheless documented by Macalister (1914:18-19). Forms are given respecting Macalister’s transcription:

Domari is an Indic language spoken by the Dōm, commonly described as the ''Gypsies'' of the Middle-East. The m are originally service-providing itinerant communities who left India at an early stage and spread across the Middle-East. The term m is itself cognate with the Indian caste name Dōm which is still widely used in India to designate a variety of peripatetic communities. Amongst the Indic languages spoken outside the Indian subcontinent, the most well-known and studied is Romani, the language of the European Roma. The Lom, located in Armenia and also in parts of Eastern Turkey, also spoke a fully-fledged Indic language but it has only survived as a lexicon within an Armenian matrix (Voskanian 2002). Domaaki and Parya are also diasporic Indic languages spoken outside or at the periphery of India but they remained typologically closer to Central Indo-Aryan languages.3 Although the historical links between Romani and Domari are still to a large extent obscure, it is now accepted that they are not sister-languages or even dialects of the same language.

Note that the traditional phonetic symbols and IPA transcriptionː

1. y = I.P.A. [j]

2. h̩ = I.P.A. [ħ]

3. š = I.P.A. [ʃ]

4. č = I.P.A. [tʃ]

5. ǧ, j = I.P.A. [dʒ]

6. s̩ = I.P.A. [s] ~ [sˤ]

7. t̩ = I.P.A. [t] ~ [tˤ]

Macron above vowel indicates length

References

Herin, Bruno (2012). The Domari language of Aleppo (Syria). Linguistic Discovery 12 (2), 1-52.

Macalister, R. A. S. (1914). The language of the Nawar or Zutt, the nomad smiths of Palestine. (Gypsy Lore Society Monographs 3) London: Edinburgh University Press.

Matras, Yaron (2012). A Grammar of Domari. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Language name and location: Domari, Turkey, Syria, Jordan [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 多马里语, 土耳其, 叙利亚, 约旦, 巴勒斯坦, 黎巴嫩等中东国家

1. yíkǎ, yikák	21. wīs-u-yikák
2. dī, dīs, diḗs, diḗsni	22.
3. tǎ́rǎn, tǎrǎnḗs	23.
4. štar, štarḗs	24.
5. pǔnj, punjás	25.
6. šas, šasás, tǎ́rǎn-wǎ-tǎ́rǎn	26.
7. ḥōṭ, ḥōṭī́s, štár-wǎ-tǎ́rǎn	27.
8. štár-wǎ-štǎr	28.
9. štár-wǎ-štár-wǎ-yikák, štár-wǎ-púnj	29. wī́s-u-štar-u-štar-wǎ-yikák
10. das, des	30. ǎ́rǎn das, wǎt
11. daz-wǎ-yikák	40. štar das, dī wīs
12.	50. nīm sai
13.	60. šaš das, tǎ́rǎn wīs, dī wǎt
14.	70. ḥōṭ das
15.	80. štar-wǎ-štár das, štar wīs
16.	90. sai-ilǎ-dás
17.	100. sai
18. das-wǎ-štár-wǎ-štár	200. dī ṣadd dī sai
19. wīs-ilǎ-yikák	1000. das sai, tílli sai
20. wīs, wī́stǎne	2000.

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Bruno Herin, Université Libre de Bruxelles,
Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres, Belgium, February 13, 2013
提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Bruno Herin, 2013 年 2 月 13 日.

Other comments: The data given above are from Southern Domari, Numerals from 1 to 5 are inherited and similar to what is found in northern dialects. The inherited form for “six” was also maintained. The same goes for inherited sai “hundred”. Southern dialects also show Iranian derived items: ḥōṭ “seven”, wīs “twenty” and nīm “half” in nīm sai “fifty” (literally half-hundred”). Also common is a compounding strategy above five with the Arabic coordinator u / wa “and”.

Note that the traditional phonetic symbols and IPA transcriptionː

1. y = I.P.A. [j]

2. h̩ = I.P.A. [ħ]

3. š = I.P.A. [ʃ]

4. č = I.P.A. [tʃ]

5. ǧ, j = I.P.A. [dʒ]

6. s̩ = I.P.A. [s] ~ [sˤ]

7. t̩ = I.P.A. [t] ~ [tˤ]

Macron above vowel indicates length

References

Herin, Bruno (2012). The Domari language of Aleppo (Syria). Linguistic Discovery 12 (2), 1-52.

Macalister, R. A. S. (1914). The language of the Nawar or Zutt, the nomad smiths of Palestine. (Gypsy Lore Society Monographs 3) London: Edinburgh University Press.

Matras, Yaron (2012). A Grammar of Domari. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

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