Language name and location: Kalkoti, Dir Kohistan, Pakistan [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 卡尔科提语, 巴基斯坦北部开伯尔-普什图省科伊斯坦卡尔科提村

1. [ækʰ] /ek/

21.  ['ækt̪eː biːɕ] /ektee biiɕ/

2. [d̪uː] /duu/

22.  ['d̪uːt̪eː biːɕ] /duutee biiɕ/

3. [t̪ɾaː] /traa/

23.  [t̪ɾaːt̪eː biːɕ] /traatee biiɕ/

4. [tɕoː(ɾ)] /tɕoor/

24.  ['tɕoːɾt̪eː biːɕ] /tɕoortee biiɕ/

5. [paːɲ(tɕ)] /paandʑ/

25.  ['paːɲt̪ɕeː biːɕ] /paantɕee biiɕ/

6. [ʂɔˑ] /ʂoo/

26.  ['ʂɔt̪ːeː biːɕ] /ʂotee biiɕ/

7. [saː(t)] /saat/

27.  ['saːt̪eː biːɕ] /saatee biiɕ/

8. [ɛˑʂ] /eeʂ/

28.  ['ɛʂʈeːbiːɕ] /eʂʈee biiɕ/

9. [n̪ɔm] /nom/

29.  ['n̪ɔmt̪eː biːɕ] /nomtee biiɕ/

10. [d̪eˑɕ] /deeɕ/

30.  ['d̪est̪eːbiːɕ] /deeɕtee biiɕ/ (10+20)

11. [æ'kaːɕ] /ekaaɕ/

40.  ['d̪ubiɕ] /dubiɕ / (2 x 20)

12. [baːɕ] /baaɕ/

50.  ['d̪eːst̪eː'd̪ubiɕ] /deeɕtee dubiɕ/

13. [t̪ɾeːɕ] /treeɕ/

60.  ['t̪ɾɒbiɕ] /trobiɕ/ (3 x 20)

14. [tɕɛn̪'deːɕ] /tɕendeeɕ/

70.  ['d̪eːst̪eː't̪ɾɒbiɕ] /deeɕtee trobiɕ/

15. [pɛɲ'dʑeːɕ] /pendʑeeɕ/

80.  [ˈtɕoːɾbiɕ] /tɕoorbiɕ/ (4 x 20)

16. ['ʂɔˑ'ɾeːɕ] /ʂooreeɕ/

90.  ['d̪eːst̪eː'tɕoːɾbiɕ] /deeɕtee tɕoorbiɕ/

17. [sɛ't̪aːɕ] /setaaɕ/

100. [paːɳʑ'biɕ] /paandʑbiɕ/ (5 x 20)

18. [ɛʂ'ʈaːɕ] /eʂʈaaɕ/

200. ['d̪usoː] /dusoo/

19. [ˈaɳbiːɕ] /aɳbiiɕ/ (20 -1)

1000. [ziɾ] /zir/

20. [biːɕ] /biiɕ]

2000. 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Henrik Liljegren, Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Sweden, with native speaker consultant Jamal Khan s/o Hussain Malak (Raman Kas, Kalkot), recorded on 12 Oct. 2015 (in Islamabad), December 18, 2015.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Henrik Liljegren, 2015 年 12 月 18 日.

Other comments: Kalkoti has a vigesimal numeral system. Kalkoti (the language name pronounced by approximately 6,000 native speakers as [kʰælkoːʈiˈjæː]), also known as Goedijaa, is closely related to Palula [phl], and the numerals are to their phonetic form similar to that of Palula, while sharing some of the structural features of its system with neighboring Gawri (or Dir Kohistani) [gwc]. The phonetic transcription within square brackets [ ] represent the actual pronunciation (segments within parenthesis are clearly reduced in utterance-final position), whereas the transcription within angled brackets // represent my tentative phonemic analysis (in uncertain cases alternative phonemic forms are displayed). At the moment of submitting the data, I have analysed Kalkoti as having six contrasting vowel positions, with a length contrast for at least four of those positions: /ii, i, ee, e, ææ, aa, o, oo, u, uu/. I admit that this analysis may have to be revised after more careful investigation has been carried out. The language also makes use of significant tonal contrasts, tentatively with the following tonal patterns possible in a prosodic word: 0 (no underlying tone), L (low tone), H (high tone), and LH (low-to-high rising). Tonal marking, however, has not been applied here, due to lack of enough context to facilitate a more precise analysis in this regard. For details, see ( Liljegren 2009;

2013)

The system is essentially vigesimal and the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 20 are non-analysable. The numerals 11, 13-18 are formed by n+10, typically with phonetic reduction of the initial segment(s) of the numeral 10. The numerals 21-30 are formed by n+(conj)+20. Forty (40) is two twenty. Fifty (50) is built up in the following way: 10+(conj)+two-twenty. The elements /soo/ ‘hundred’ and /zir/ ‘thousand’ are Pashto loans.

References:

Liljegren, Henrik. 2009. The Dangari Tongue of Choke and Machoke : Tracing the proto-language of Shina enclaves in the Hindu Kush. Acta Orientalia 70. 7–62.

Liljegren, Henrik. 2013. Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences. Linguistic Discovery 11(1). 129–160. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.423 (29 October, 2013).