Other North and Central American Indigenous Languages


  1. Haida: Southern Haida, Northern Haida 
  2. Tsimshianː Gitxsan, Nisga'a, Tsimshian
  3. Wakashan:
    1. Northern: Haisla, Heitsuk, Kwakwala (Kwakiutl)
    2. Southern: Ditidaht (Nitinat), Makah, Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)
  4. Keres:  Eastern Keres, Western Keres
  5. Caddoan:
    1. Northern: Arikara, Pawnee, Wichita
    2. Southern: Caddo
  6. Chinookanː
    1. Chinook ( Lower Chinook)
    2. Upper Chinook: Wasco-Wishram (Upper Chinook)
  7. Coosanː Coos
  8. Kalapuyan: Central Kalapuya, Northern Kalapuya (TualatinYamhill), Southern Kalapuya (Yoncalla)
  9. Kiowa Tanoan:
    1. Kiowa-Towa: Jemez, Kiowa
    2. Tewa-Tiwa: Tewa, Northern Tiwa, Southern Tiwa
  10. Huavean:
        San Dionisio del Mar Huave, San Francisco del Mar Huave (Ombeyajts),
        Santa Maria del Mar Huave, San Mateo del Mar Huave (Ombeayiüt)
  11. Maiduanː Northwest Maidu, Northeast Maidu, Valley Maidu, Nisenan
  12. Miwok-Costanoanː  
    1. Costanoan: Karkin, Northern Ohlone, Southern Ohlone (Rumsen)
    2. Miwokan:
          i. Eastern Miwokan:
      Plains Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok
         ii. Western Miwokan:
      Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok
  13. Muskogean:    
    1. Eastern: Alabama, Koasati, Mikasuki, Muskogee
    2. Western: Choctaw, Chickasaw
  14. Palaihnihan: Achumawi, Atsugewi
  15. Pomoan: 
     
       Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo), Central Pomo, Eastern Pomo, Northern Pomo, †Northeatern Pomo, Southern Pomo, Southeastern Pomo
  16. Wintuanː Nomlaki (Central Wintu), Patwin (Southern Wintu), Wintu (Northern Wintu)
  17. Sahaptian:
    1. Nez Perce
    2. Sahaptin: Tenino, Umatilla, Walla Walla, Yakama  
  18. Yokutsanː Yokuts (Wikchamni)
  19. Comecrudan: Mamulique (Mexico), Comecrudo (Mexico), Cotoname (Mexico), Coahuilteco (USA and Mexico), Garza (Mexico)
  20. Tarascan: Purepecha, Western Highland Purepecha
  21. Tequistlatecan: Highland Oaxaca Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca Chontal
  22. Misumalpan: 
    1. Mayangna (Northern Sumo), Miskito, Ulwa (Southern Sumo)
    2. Cacaopera-Matagalpa: Cacaopera (El Salvador), Matagalpa (Nicaragua)
  23. Yukian: Yuki, Wappo
  24. Language Isolates: 
    1. Atakapa (USA)
    2. Cayuse (USA)
    3. Chitmacha (USA)
    4. Esselen (USA)
    5. Karankawa (USA)
    6. Karok (USA)
    7. Klamth-Madoc (USA)
    8. Kutenai (Canada and USA)
    9. Natchez (USA)
    10. Quileute (USA)
    11. Seri (Mexico)
    12. Shasta (USA)
    13. Tonkawa (USA)
    14. Tol (Hondoras)
    15. Tunica (USA)
    16. Washo (USA)
    17. Yana (USA) 
    18. Yuchi (USA)
    19. Zuni (USA)
  25. Unclassified languagesː
    1. Alsea (USA)
    2. Beothuk (Canada)
    3. Lenca (Honduras)
    4. Talekma (USA)
    5. Xinca (Guatemala)

    Note:  Languages and language groups preceded by a dagger (†) are extinct.


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