Language name and locationː Jemez, New Mexico state, USA [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 杰梅斯语 (托瓦语 Towa), 美国 西南部新墨西哥州中北部

1. pʼɨ̜, pʼɨ̜sē // pʼɨ̜

21.      // wîtǽpʼɨ̜

2. wí-l// wî(š)

22.  

3. tá  //  tá  ( < Navajo )

23.  

4. wíːl // wíː(l) 

24.  

5. pʼįːtʼō // pʼįːtʼō

25.  

6. mį́tʸī, mį́ːtʸi //  mį́ːtʸī

26.  

7. sɨ́-l  // sɨ́

27. 

8. hɨ́-l // hɨ́

28. 

9. hɨ̜,  hɨ̜́ː  //  hɨ̜́    hɨ̜̄  

29.  

10. tǽ̜  // tǽ̜pʼɨ̜

30.        // táːsèle tǽ̜, táːhɨ̀lè tǽ̜

11.      // tǽ̜pʼɨ̜

40.        // wíːtɨ̜̀kʷà tǽ̜

12.      // tǽ̜wî(š)

50.        // pʼįːtʼòkʷà tǽ̜

13.      // tǽ̜tá

60.        // mį́ːtʸī̀kʷà tǽ̜

14.      // tǽ̜wíː

70.        // sɨ̂làwɨː̜̄kʷà tǽ̜    

15.      // tǽ̜pʼįːtʼō

80.        // hɨ́làwɨː̜̄kʷà tǽ̜  

16.      // tǽ̜mį́ːtʸī

90.         //hɨ̜́nàwɨː̜̄kʷà tǽ̜  

17.      // tǽ̜sɨ̄

100.  tǽ̜nɨ̜̀kʷātǽ̜ // tǽ̜ną̀wį̄ːkʷà tǽ̜

18.      // tǽ̜hɨ́

200.                 // wîtǽ̜ną̀wį̄ːkʷà tǽ̜

19.      // tǽ̜hɨ̜́ː   

1000. 

20.     // wîtǽ̜

2000.   

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Laurel Watkins. Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, USA. October 22, 2008.  

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Laurel Watkins. 2008 年 10 月 22 日.

Other comments: Jemez or Towa is spoken by approximately 1,700 speakers in

north central New Mexico. Jemez has a decimal system. Note that following information:  

1. Numerals after the slash are from Yukihiro Yumitani's 1998 dissertation "The

    Phonology and Morphology of Jemez Towa, p. 280. Points of disagreement

    may be due to the age of consultants (Yumitani's are older, ours (the CU group)

    much younger) or simply transcription error (on any of our parts).

2. I have converted Yumitani's notation for tones to the ones I used for consistency.

   The macron indicates a phonetic mid tone. Because the tone rules are not

   sufficiently understood, phonetic tones have been retained.

3. The "barred i" ɨ  is a back unrounded vowel.

4. The "t plus raised y" tʸ is a voiceless unspirated palatal stop, IPA c.

5. The vowel / æ / is low front unrounded. The vowel / a / is low back rounded,

    roughly IPA "turned script a" ɒ. Note: I have converted Yumitani's ɑ to a in order

    to be able to mark tone. Consequently, despite the different orthographic

    practices, Kiowa low back /ɔ/ and Jemez low back /a/ are both phonetically

    and structurally equivalent.

6. The "l" following several numerals surfaces under certain morphophonological

    conditions.  If a Jemez speaker were simply counting 1, 2, 3,..., the underlying

    / l / would not be pronounced. In Yumitani's data, some speakers use -š, the

    normal "inverse number" marker, after the numeral "2". None of our speakers

    did that.

7. Yumitani writes  tǽ̜ (tens) as a separate word but it seemed to us not to be a

    separate contour (in, for example, 100).