Kiowa

Language name and locationː Kiowa, Oklahoma state, USA [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 基奥瓦语, 美国中南部奥克拉荷马州中西部基奥瓦印第安人居留地

1. pá, páːɡɔ̀ *	21. jíːkʰĩ̀ pátʰã̀
2. jíː	22. jíːkʰĩ̀ jítʰã̀
3. pʰã́ò	23. jíːkʰĩ̀ pʰã́òtʰã̀
4. jí.kjá	24. jíːkʰĩ̀ játkjátʰã̀
5. ʔɔ̃́ntʼɔ̀	25. jíːkʰĩ̀ ʔɔ̃́ntʼɔ̀tʰã̀
6. mɔ́sɔ́	26. jíːkʰĩ̀ mɔ́sɔ́tʰã̀
7. pã̀nsẽ́	27. jíːkʰĩ̀ pã̀nsẽ́tʰã̀
8. játsẽ́	28. jíːkʰĩ̀ játsẽ́tʰã̀
9. kɔ́tsẽ́	29. jíːkʰĩ̀ kɔ́tsẽ́tʰã̀
10. kɔ́kʰĩ̀	30. pʰã́òkʰĩ̀
11. pátʰã̀	40. játkjá kʰĩ̀
12. jítʰã̀	50. ʔɔ̃́ntʼɔ̀kʰĩ̀
13. pʰã́òtʰã̀	60. mɔ́sɔ́kʰĩ̀
14. játkjátʰã̀	70. pã̀nsẽ́kʰĩ̀
15. ʔɔ̃́ntʼɔ̀tʰã̀	80. játsẽ́kʰĩ̀
16. mɔ́sɔ́tʰã̀	90. kɔ́tsẽ́kʰĩ̀
17. pã̀nsẽ́tʰã̀	100. kɔ́ːdòkʰĩ̀
18. játsẽ́tʰã̀	200. jíː kɔ́ːdòkʰĩ̀
19. kɔ́tsẽ́tʰã̀
20. jíːkʰĩ̀

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Andrew McKenzie, Department of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA. January 26, 2009.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Andrew McKenzie. 2009 年 1 月 26 日.

Other comments: Kiowa or Cáuigù, Cáuijò:gyà, Cáuijògà is a moribund language spoken by 400 older adults out of 6,000 ethnic population in west central Oklahoma. Kiowa has a decimal system. There are two forms of 'one', the second form is used in counting.

Language name and locationː Kiowa, Oklahoma state, USA [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 基奥瓦语, 美国中南部奥克拉荷马州中西部基奥瓦印第安人居留地

1. páːɡɔ̀ // ɔ́pàkʼôː	21. yíːkʰįː pátʰą̀ː
2. yíː // yíːkɔ̀ltʼą́y	22.
3. pʰą́ːòː // pʰą́ːòkʼò ~ pʰą́ːòkʼóp	23.
4. yíːkyá // yíːkyátʰón	24.
5. ɔ́ntʼɔ̀ː // tʼɔ̀ːɔ́l	25.
6. mɔ́sɔ́ː // mɔ́sɔ́ː	26.
7. pʰânsę́ː // pʰą́ːòl ~ pʰàǫ́ː ( - 3 )*	27.
8. yátsę́ː // sétʼą́y ( - 2 ) *	28.
9. kɔ́tsę́ː // kɔ́dɔ́ː	29.
10. kɔ́kʰįː // kɔ́ltʰòn	30. pʰą́ːòkʰįː, 39. pʰą́ːòkʰįːkɔ́tsę́ːtʰą̀ː
11. pátʰą̀ː	40. yátkyákʰįː
12. yiː́tʰą̀ː	50. ɔ̃ntʼɔ̀kʰįː
13. pʰą́ːòtʰą̀ː	60. mɔ́sɔ́ːkʰįː, 65. mɔ́sɔ́ːkʰįːɔ́ntʼɔ̀tʰą̀ː
14. yátkyátʰą̀ː	70. pʰânsę́ːkʰįː
15. ɔ́ntʼɔ̀tʰą̀ː	80. yátsę́ːkʰįː, 83. yátsę́ːkʰįːpʰą́ːòtʰą̀ː
16. mɔ́sɔ́ːtʰą̀ː	90. kɔ́tsę́ːkʰįː
17. pʰânę́ːtʰą̀ː	100. kɔ́ːdòkʰįː
18. yátę́ːtʰą̀ː	200. yíː kɔ́ːdòkʰįː
19. kɔ́tsę́ːtʰą̀ː	1000. témɔ̀nkɔ̀ːdòkʰįː (<'all-fingers-hundred')
20. yíːkʰįː	2000.

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Laurel Watkins. Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, USA. October 13, 2008.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Laurel Watkins. 2008 年 10 月 13 日.

Other comments: Kiowa has a decimal system. There are two forms of 'one', the second form is used in counting. The double slashes I've given what is reported to be an "old Kiowa count. I don't have the twenties, I substituted other numerals to show the regular pattern: juxtaposition of the decade term followed by the teens term (so, clearly not additive). In compounds we would normally expect to see the tone lowered in the second half of the compound, that is not the case here. The pattern is quite regular, although a few details may be obscured by phonological alternations:

a. Seven, eight, (and nine) appear to be subtractive: less three, less two.

b. Four, eight, (and fourteen/forty, eighteen/eighty) are based on the root for two,

the alternation yí: ~ yá(t) occurring in other roots.

c. Thousand is originally means 'all-fingers-hundred'.

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