Language
name and locationː
Ainu,
Kuril Islands,
Hokkaido,
Japan
[Ref. to
Ethnologue] |
1. sinep |
21. |
2. tup |
22. tup ikasma sine hot * |
3. rep |
23. |
4. ínep |
24. |
5. asik ( < aske ' hand' ) |
25. |
6. iwan ( four to ten ) |
26. |
7. arwan ( three to ten) |
27. |
8. tupes ( 10 - 2, lacking in two ) |
28. |
9. sinepes ( 10 - 1, lacking in one ) |
29. |
10. wanpe ( < two sides ) |
30. |
11. |
40. tu hot * |
12. |
50. |
13. |
60. re hot * |
14. |
70. |
15. |
80. íne hot * |
16. |
90. |
17. |
100. asikne hot * |
18. |
|
19. |
|
20. sine hot * |
|
Linguist
providing data and dateː Prof.
Tomomi Sato, Center for Ainu and
Indigenous Studies, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan,
May 7, |
Other comments: Ainu has a vigesimal system of counting. Ainu is a nearly extinct language with a few elderly speakers out of 13,000 ethnic population, formerly resided in Kuril and Tsishima islands, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan. The above data is from my. informant (a speaker of the Chitose dialect spoken in the southwestern Hokkaido) did not know so many numeral forms, because in her generation, at least in every day life, Japanese was usually used for most cases and she could not hear or use Ainu numerals so often. In fact, as for numerals more than ten, only very little information was acquired Forms used for counting (one, two, three, four....): 1. sinep, 2. tup, 3. rep, 4. ínep, 5. asik, 6. iwan, 7. arwan, 8. tupes, 9. sinepes. 10. wanpe Nominal forms referring to a thing or things: 1. sinep, 2. tup, 3. rep, 4. ínep (an accent is on the first syllable.), 5. asiknep, 6. iwanpe, 7. arwanpe, 8. tupesanpe, 9. sinepesanpe, 10. wanpe Nominal forms referring to a human being or human beings: 1. sinen, 2. tun, 3. ren, 4. ínen, 5. asiknen, 6. iwaniw, 7. arwaniw, 8. tupesaniw, 9. sinepesaniw, 10. waniw Adnominal forms: 1. sine, 2. tu, 3. re, 4. íne, 5. asikne, 6. iwan, 7. arwan, 8. tupesan, 9. sinepesan, 10. wan. There are no sufficient data for numerals more than 10. 20. sine hot, 22. tup ikasma sine hot, 40. tu hot, 60. re hot, 80. íne hot, 100. asikne hot |
Language
name and locationː
Ainu,
Kuril Islands,
Hokkaido,
Japan
[Ref. to
Ethnologue] |
1. sine |
21. sine ikasma hotne |
2. tu |
22. tu ikasma hotne |
3. re |
23. re ikasma hotne |
4. ine |
24. ine ikasma hotne |
5. asikne (<aske ' hand') |
25. asikne ikasma hotne |
6. iwan (four to ten) |
26. iwan ikasma hotne |
7. arwan (three to ten) |
27. arwan ikasma hotne |
8. tupesan (10 - 2, lacking in two ) |
28. tupesan ikasma hotne |
9. sinepesan (10 - 1, lacking in one) |
29. sinepesan ikasma hotne |
10. wan (< two sides) |
30. wan etu hotne (10 - 2 x 20) |
11. sine ikasma wan |
40. tu hotne (2 x 20) |
12. tu ikasma wan |
50. wan ere hotne (10 - 3 x 20) |
13. re ikasma wan |
60. re hotne (3 x 20 ) |
14. ine ikasma wan |
70. wan eine hotne (10 - 4 x 20) |
15. asikne ikasma wan |
80. ine hotne (4 x 20) |
16. iwan ikasma wan |
90. wan asikne hotne (10 - 5 x 20) |
17. arwan ikasma wan |
100. asikne hotne (5 x 20) |
18. tupesan ikasma wan |
|
19. sinepesan ikasma wan |
|
20. hotne * |
|
Linguist
providing data and dateː Prof.
Kirsten Refsing, Department of
Cross-cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,
March 30, |
Other comments:
Ainu has a vigesimal system of
counting. The -p/pe in old data provided Prof.
Jiro Ikegami and Mr. Shinozaki Toshiyuki
is a nominalizing
suffix, 'thing'. It can be used for nominalising verbs as well, so it is
not in itself a part of the numerals. It is like -tsu in Japanese (hitotsu)
or like ge (yige) in Mandarin. |
Language
name and locationː
Ainu,
Kuril Islands,
Hokkaido,
Japan
[Ref. to
Ethnologue] |
1. sine |
21. sinpe ikasma hotnep |
2. tup |
22. tup ikasma hotnep |
3. rep |
23. rep ikasma hotnep |
4. inep |
24. inep ikasma hotnep |
5. asiknep (< aske ' hand') |
25. asiknep ikasma hotnep |
6. iwanpe (four to ten) |
26. iwanpe ikasma hotnep |
7. arwanpe (three to ten) |
27. arwanpe ikasma hotnep |
8. tupesanpe (10 - 2, lacking in two) |
28. tupesanpe ikasma hotnep |
9. sinepesanpe (10 - 1, lacking in one) |
29. sinepesanpe ikasma hotnep |
10. wanpe (< two sides ) |
30. wanpe etu hotnep (10 - 2 x 20) |
11. sinep ikasma wanpe |
40. tu hotnep (2 x 20) |
12. tup ikasma wanpe |
50. wanpe ere hotnep (10 - 3 x 20) |
13. rep ikasma wanpe |
60. re hotnep (3 x 20) |
14. inep ikasma wanpe |
70. wanpe eine hotnep (10 - 4 x 20) |
15. asiknep ikasma wanpe |
80. ine hotnep (4 x 20) |
16. iwanpe ikasma wanpe |
90. wanpe asikne hotnep (10 - 5 x 20) |
17. arwanpe ikasma wanpe |
100. asikne hotne (5 x 20) |
18. tupesanpe ikasma wanpe |
|
19. sinepesanpe ikasma wanpe |
|
20. hotnep * |
|
Linguist
providing data and dateː
Prof. Jiro Ikegami and Mr. Shinozaki Toshiyuki,
|
Other comments: Ainu has a vigesimal system of counting. The original for twenty might be 'a full set of fingers and toes '. The constructions for Ainu 30, 50, 70 and 90 are very particular. |
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