Comparative Study of Andean Languages

Fieldwork Locations

The first table below gives a summary presentation of the Andean language varieties for which data are already collected to be covered in this study.

• The first column indicates whether the source for my data was my own fieldwork (fwk, in 19 cases), and/or from dictionaries (dct, in three cases).

• The fieldwork locations are arranged geographically north to south.

• Varieties in black are from the Quechua language family, those in brown are from the Aymara family (also known as Jaqi or Aru), while Chipaya (a separate family) is in green.

For an explanation of the reasons for this particular selection of sites, click here.

Source	My Variety Name	Language Branch	Altitude	Latitude	Longitude	Country	Departamento	Provincia	Distrito	Parroquia / Comunidad Campesina	Comunidad
FW	Troje	NQ: Ecuador Andes	3189 m	01° 50.143' S	78° 43.583' W	Ecuador	‑‑	Chimborazo	(cantón) Colta	Columbe	El Troje (‘Troje Grande’)
FW	Serena	NQ: Ecuador Amazon	563 m	01° 05.576' S	77° 55.756' W	Ecuador	‑‑	Napo	Tena?	Talag?	Serena
FW	Inkawasi	NPQ: Inkawasi-Cañaris	3030 m	06° 14.144' S	79° 19.008' W	Peru	Lambayeque	Ferreñafe	Inkawasi
FW	Cañaris	NPQ: Inkawasi-Cañaris	1300 m	06° 01' S	79° 12' W	Peru	Lambayeque	Ferreñafe	Cañaris		(caserío) Chilasque
FW	Chetilla	NPQ: Cajamarca	2811 m	07° 08.815' S	78° 40.364' W	Peru	Cajamarca		Chetilla
FW	Yánac	CQ: Corongo	2867 m	08° 37.125' S	77° 51.867' W	Peru	Ancash	Corongo	Yánac
FW	Chacpar	CQ: Huari	3638 m	09° 34.597' S	77° 12.849' W	Peru	Ancash	Huari	Chavín de Huantar	Huancapampa	Chacpar
FW	Laraos	IQ: Laraos	3513 m	12° 20.830' S	75° 47.173' W	Peru	Lima	Yauyos	Laraos		Laraos
FW	Atalla	SQ: Huancavelica	4092 m	12° 45.629' S	74° 54.230' W	Peru	Huancavelica	Huancavelica	Yauli		Atalla, anexo Tunsukuchu
FW	Kawki	CA: Kawki	1283 m	12° 46.797' S	75° 55.106' W	Peru	Lima	Yauyos			Cachuy & Canchán
FW	Jaqaru	CA: Jaqaru	3150 m	12° 50' S	75° 45' W	Peru	Lima	Yauyos	Tupe		Tupe & Aisa
FW	Curva	SQ: N.Bolivia	3753 m	15° 07.804' S	68° 59.992' W	Peru	La Paz	Bautista Saavedra	municipio: Curva	sección segunda	Tilinwaya ('Lagunillas')
FW	Taquile	SQ: Titicaca	3900 m	15° 50' S	69° 43' W	Peru	Puno	Puno	Amantaní		Isla Taquile
FW	Huancané	AA: Peru W.Titicaca	3820 m	15° 15' S	69° 43' W	Peru	Puno	Huancané	Vilque Chico	Kulachata
FW	Puno (city)	SQ: Puno	3820 m	15° 55' S	70° 03' W	Peru	Puno	Puno	ciudad de Puno		barrio Ricardo Palma
FW	Sullkatiti Titiri	AA: N.La Paz	3850 m	16° 40' S	68° 40' W	Bolivia		Ingavi	region: Jesus de Machaca		Sullkatiti Titiri
FW	Inkallajta	SQ: S.Bolivia	3000 m	17° 35' S	65° 30' W	Bolivia	Cochabamba	Carrasco	municipio: Pocona	sección tercera
FW	Puqui	AA: S.Oruro	3850 m	19° 30' S	67° 50' W	Bolivia		Ladislao Cabrera		nr Tambo Tambillo	Puqui
FW	Maragua	SQ: S.Bolivia	2700 m	19° 05' S	65° 50' W	Bolivia	Chuquisaca	Oropesa	cantón: Maragua	sección octava
*DCT	Huánuco	CQ: Upper Huallaga	? m	? S	? W	Peru
FW / *DCT	Cuzco (city)	SQ: Cuzco	3400 m	? S	? W	Peru	Cuzco	Cuzco
*DCT	Chipaya	Uru-Chipaya	3850 m	19° 05' S	68° 02' W	Bolivia	Oruro				Santa Ana de Chipaya

Data from Written Sources, Not Fieldwork

For two varieties, Chipaya and Huánuco Quechua, the data were not collected by me in fieldwork, but taken from written sources. For full bibliographical details and my mini-reviews of the dictionaries cited here, click on the links. Any errors in interpretation of those sources are of course mine.

• The Chipaya data were collected by Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino and Enrique Ballón, to whom many thanks for making them available to me before their forthcoming publication.

• The Huánuco Quechua data were drawn from Weber et al. (1998) Rimaycuna – Quechua de Huánuco, which is in many ways one of the most professionally produced dictionaries available for any Quechua dialect (though unhelpfully in my view, it adopts a curious and very non-standard orthography. For full details click here).

In the case of Cuzco Quechua, the data were taken my own knowledge and work over a long period with local informants, as well as from a number of dictionary sources, particularly:

• Cusihuamán (2001) Diccionario Quechua: Cuzco-Collao,

• Cerrón-Palomino (1994) Quechua sureño: diccionario unificado
(this is not specifically Cuzco Quechua, but does give Cuzco variants and is valuable for comparative and reconstruction data)

• Cuzco Quechua Academy’s (1995) Diccionario Quechua-Español-Quechua / Qheswa-Español-Qheswa Simi Taqe

The reconstructions of proto-forms that I follow for Quechua and Aymara words, which will also be made available on this website with the full data, are not my own but generally taken from those provided in Cerrón-Palomino (1994) Quechua sureño: diccionario unificado
Weber et al. (1998), Rimaycuna – Quechua de Huánuco and Cerrón‑Palomino (2000) Lingüística Aimara

Further Varieties to be included in the study as soon as possible

Unfortunately I have not been able to complete the full coverage I intended due to the practicalities of reaching all of these fieldwork locations within the time constraints for this research project, and in some cases difficulty in locating suitable informants (in the case of very endangered varieties like Pacaraos Quechua). The most serious gaps in the are, in my opinion:

• a denser coverage of Central Quechua as a whole, in particular Junín and Huancayo Quechua

• more ‘Intermediate’ Quechua locations (such as Lincha and others in the Yauyos area, Yaru, and Pacaraos (see below))

• Lamas Quechua (in the Peruvian Amazon)

• Ayacucho Quechua (though this appears pretty similar to the Huancavelica data that are included)

• a much broader and denser coverage of Aymara varieties.

All these lacunae are ones I hope to be able to fill if I can obtain funding for a further period of research and fieldwork.

Partial data only have already been collected for the following two varieties, so these will therefore unfortunately not be included in the first set of results published. However, I aim to return to these fieldwork sites as soon as possible to complete collection of the data and include them.

FW	Quivilla	CQ: Alto Huallaga	2930 m	09° 36' S	76° 44' W	Peru	Huánuco	Dos de Mayo	Quivilla	Quivilla
FW	Pacaraos	IQ: Pacaraos	2800 m	11° 15' S	77° 15' W	Peru	Lima	Huaral	Pacaraos

‘Classification’ of the Varieties Used Here

The very brief descriptions of ‘language branch’ in the second column are merely my own shorthand, following essentially geographical criteria, and to some extent the existing widely used (if not necessary universally accepted) classifications. They do not imply any particular judgement on the actual classification of varieties; my position on that will be explained rather on the basis of the full results and their interpretation in my articles.

My abbreviations in the tables on this page mean:

NQ Northern Quechua
NPQ North Peruvian Quechua
CQ Central (Peruvian) Quechua
IQ Intermediate Quechua (classification relative to Northern and Southern Quechua unclear)
SQ Southern Quechua

CA Central Aymara (i.e. Jaqaru and Kawki)
AA Altiplano Aymara (i.e. ‘Aymara proper’ of Bolivia and the far south of Peru)

Further Data to Appear On This Website

By January 2005, to coincide with the publication of the first of a number of articles based on results from these data, this website will include many further details:

• My full lexical data on cognate or borrowing matches for all 150 meanings in the currently completed database (and a number of associated sub-meanings and related meanings)

• A full presentation of each of my fieldwork locations and informants, including exact geographical co‑ordinates, instructions on how to get there, and photographs of each area and of my informants (where they consented).

• Phonetic data and transcriptions will be published later, to coincide with the publication of a second major article giving the results derived from those phonetic comparisons.

Pending the full data, for now there are already separate webpages on this site that give sample presentations of three of my fieldwork locations, those whose names in the table above are clickable links.

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