Waropen

Language name and locationː Waropen Kai, Papua, Indonesia [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 瓦罗彭语 (Kai dialect), 印尼巴布亚省瓦罗彭湾南部地区

1. wosio	21. asati oka wosio
2. woruo	22. asati oka woruo
3. oro	23. asati oka oro
4. ako	24. asati oka ako
5. rimo	25. asati oka rimo
6. ono	26. asati oka iko
7. iko gh=IPA [χ]	27. asati oka χaro
8. ɡharo [χaro], gh=IPA [χ]	28. asati oka siχo
9. siɡhi [siχi]	29. asati oka siχi
10. sauro	30. asati oka sauro
11. sauro oka wosio	40. asanduo (litː ''two persons)
12. sauro oka woruo	50. asanduo oka sauro
13. sauro oka oro	60. asaŋɡoro (litː ''three persons)
14. sauro oka ako	70. asaŋɡoro oka sauro
15. sauro oka rimo	80. asaŋɡoko (litː ''four persons)
16. sauro oka ono	90. asaŋɡoko oka sauro
17. sauro oka iko	100. asandimo (litː ''five persons)
18. sauro oka χaro	200.
19. sauro oka siχi	1000.
20. nuŋɡuetio (litː ''one person''), asatio	2000.

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Marcel de Jong, GKII/ GKITP (Gereja Kristen Indonesia, Indonesian Christian Church), Papua, Indonesia, February 21, 2015.
提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Marcel de Jong, 2015 年 2 月 21 日.

Other comments: The Kai dialect of Waropen has a vigesimal system. Numbers 1 to 10 are written with one word. Counting system:

Numbers 11-19 are written with three words, meaning ’10 + 1’, ’10 + 2’ etc. Counting system for number 20 is by using all fingers and toes. So, the word used for number 20 means: ’intact’, ’everything’, that is all numbers from an intact person.

Hence, nunggu natio ‘one person’ also means ‘20’, or with using ‘asatio’ which is a short form of ‘sasa etio’ (one person). Further, the table of 20 is used, for instance ‘asanduo ‘ (two persons) means 40; asanggoro (3 persons) for 60, asanggako (4 persons) for 80, asandimo (5) persons for 100, etc.

Further, the counting system for counting after number 20 is: ’20 plus 1’, ‘ 20 plus 2’, ‘20plus 3’ etc. The counting system for counting number 21 is: ‘asati oka wosio’ meaning ’20 plus 1’.

Waropen is spoken by about 6,000 speakers in south Waropen bay area (Ambumi dialect), and southwest to Rombak river mouth, Papua province, Indonesia.

Language name and locationː Waropen, Papua, Indonesia [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 瓦罗彭语, 印尼巴布亚省瓦罗彭湾南部地区

1. si	21. nuŋɡu natio wosio
2. ru	22. nuŋɡu natio woruo
3. or	23. nuŋɡu natio oro
4. ak	24. nuŋɡu natio ako
5. baŋɡei kenano, rimo	25. nuŋɡu natio baŋɡei kenano
6. baŋɡei kenano toka wosio, χono	26. nuŋɡu natio baŋɡei kenano toka wosio
7. baŋɡei kenano toka woruo, χiko	27. nuŋɡu natio baŋɡei kenano toka woruo
8. baŋɡei kenano toka oro, χaro	28. nuŋɡu natio baŋɡei kenano toka oro
9. baŋɡei kenano toka ako, siχiro	29. nuŋɡu natio baŋɡei kenano toka ako
10. sauro	30. nuŋɡu natio ka sauro
11. sauro toka wosio	40. nuŋɡu nanduo ( 20 x 2 )
12. sauro toka woruo	50. nuŋɡu nanduo ka sauro
13. sauro toka oro	60. nuŋɡu naŋɡoro ( 20 x 3 )
14. sauro toka ako	70. nuŋɡu naŋɡoro ka sauro
15. sauro toka baŋɡei kenano	80. nuŋɡu naŋɡako ( 20 x 4 )
16. sauro toka baŋɡei kena. toka wosio	90. nuŋɡu naŋɡako ka sauro
17. sauro toka baŋɡei kena. toka woruo	100. nuŋɡu baŋɡei kenano ( 20 x 5 )
18. sauro toka baŋɡei kena. toka oro
19. sauro toka baŋɡei kena. toka ako
20. nuŋɡu ( litː 'full person')

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Paul van Velzen, Leiden University, Netherlands, May 5, 2012. Data recorded October, 1993.
提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Paul van Velzen, 2012 年 5 月 5 日

Other comments: Waropen has a traditional quinary, vigesimal numeral system, but now it has adopted the decimal system. Waropen is spoken by about 6,000 speakers in

south Waropen bay area (Ambumi dialect), and southwest to Rombak river mouth,

Papua province, Indonesia.

Notesː

1.     1. The first 4 numerals (1 to 4) are root numerals and appear only in compounds,
       there are several sets, of which the prefix wo- is the inanimate unmarked variety,
       as apposed to naŋ- which is used to count animate nouns. Furthermore we find
       roŋ- to count fathems, fe- to count slices of folded sago and eŋ- to express a total.

2. 2. Numeral roots cannot be found in isolation but are at least followed by the noun
phrase marker –o.

3.       *We have encountered an archaic Austronesian set of numerals from five to nine in
      the village of Napan and in oral literature. The /χ/ represents voiced pharyngeal
       fricative. It is possible that χ is a prefix.

4. ** nuŋgu represents one full person. As a person is animate it is followed by the
numeral set with prefix naŋ-.

5. *** no units for 300 or more were found, except one instance: wana, for 400, but this
could not be verified against other informants.

6. 3. Reduplication is possible on numerals from 1 to 5 and 10.

7. 4. Number is expressed on verbal paradigm, where I distinguish single, dual, trial and

plural. Dual is always used to indicate two persons, trial always indicates three

persons, and plural is used for four persons or more. This system is adopted in the

local variety of Malay.

8. 5. Stress is expressed by relative high pitch on the penultimate syllable of the

compound noun.

Back >> [ Home ] >> [ Austronesian ] >> [ Western Austronesian ] >> [ Central Austronesian ] >> [ Eastern Austronesian ]