Language name and location: Toto, West Bengal state, India [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区卓卓语, 印度东北部西孟加拉邦杰尔拜古里专区

 

1. icho [itʃo]

21. 

2. nicho [nitʃo]

22.   

3. suŋcho [suŋtʃo]

23. 

4. dicho [dotʃo]

24. 

5. ŋacho [ŋatʃo]

25.  

6. tucho [tutʃo]

26.  

7. ŋicho [ŋitʃo]

27.  

8. jecho [jetʃo]

28.  

9. kucho [kutʃo]

29.  

10. techo [tetʃo]

30. eka ʃo techo [ekaʃotetʃo]

11. eɡaracho [eɡaratʃo]

40. ɳikai (2 x 20)

12. barcho [bartʃo]

50. nika ʃo techo

13. thuisoŋ [tʰuiʃoŋ]?

60. ʃuŋkai (3 x 20)

14. chuiji [tʃuidʒi]

70. ʃuŋkai ʃo techo

15. cheŋa  [tʃeŋa]

80. ɖikai (4 x 20)

16. churu [tʃuru]

90. ɖikai ʃo techo

17. niru

100. ŋakai (5 x 20)

18. aru

200. 

19. chigu [tʃiɡu]

1000.  

20. ŋiʃo

2000.  

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. P. Perumalsamy, Professor cum Deputy Director,

Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India, August 10, 2018.

供资料的语言学家Dr. P. Perumalsamy, 2018 年 8 月 10 日.

 

Other comments: Toto has a vigesimal system. Toto is spoken by approximately 1,400 speakers in Jalpaiguri district, Dhunchipara, Panchayatpara, and Subhapara areas, Totopara village on Indo-Bhutan border, West Bengal state, India.

Note that the traditional symbol 'c' = IPA [ts], 'ch' = IPA [tʃ], 'j' = IPA [dʒ].

Reference: Perumalsamy, P, 2013, Toto in Linguistic Survey of India:   

West Bengal Part-I, Published in Web Portal of Office of the Registrar

General, India, www.censusindia.gov.in


Language name and location: Toto, West Bengal state, India [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区卓卓语, 印度东北部西孟加拉邦杰尔拜古里专区

 

1. ipu

21.  ekaʃoitʃo

2. nihpu or nʰipu  

22.  ekaʃonihʃo

3. suŋpu

23.  ekaʃosuŋtʃo

4. dipu

24.  ekaʃoditʃo

5. napu

25.  ekaʃonatʃo

6. tupu

26.  ekaʃotutʃo

7. nipu

27.  ekaʃonitʃotʃo

8. iapu

28.  ekaʃiatʃo

9. ku

29.  ekaʃokutʃo

10. tæ

30.  ekaʃogutʃo

11. tʃutʃi     

40.  nikai (2 x 20)

12. tʃunih

50.  nikaiʃotætʃo

13. tʃiʃoŋ

60.  suŋkai (3 x 20)

14. tʃudʒi

70.  suŋkaiʃotætʃo

15. tsoŋa

80.  dikai (4 x 20)

16. tʃuru

90.  dikaiʃotætʃo

17. tʃudoŋ

100. ŋakai (5 x 20)

18. tʃoudʒe

200.  

19. tʃuɡu

1000

20. eke

2000. 

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Toby Anderson, SIL International, February 22, 2014.

供资料的语言学 家: Mr. Toby Anderson, 2014 年 2 月 22 日.

 

Other comments: The Totos have a traditional base 20 numeral system, but I have heard that there are no traditional numbers beyond 20, Indo-Aryan loanwords have been used  now. In traditional numeral system, each number beyond twenty consist of a word that joins a multiple of 20 with a remainder. e. g. the number 55 would literally translate as "two twenties and fifteen". Noun classifiers are attached to the numbers from 1 to 10, but not after that. So far I have found the following things have their own classifiersː

- people and things, - trees, - branches, - leaves fruit and vegetables, - stones, - eggs,

- bamboo sticks, - half bamboo sticks (split lengthways), - quarter bamboo sticks (split lengthways) and there are probably many more. Toto is a toneless Tibeto-Burman language.


Language name and location: Toto, West Bengal state, India [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区卓卓语, 印度东北部西孟加拉邦杰尔拜古里专区

 

1. i ~ tʃɛ

21.  ekaʃoitʃo

2. ni ~ nɛ

22.  ekaʃoniʃo

3. suŋ

23.  ekaʃosuŋtʃo

4. di

24.  ekaʃoditʃo

5. na ~ ŋa

25.  ekaʃonatʃo

6. tu ~ ʈu

26.  ekaʃotutʃo

7. ni(tʃo)

27.  ekaʃonitʃotʃo

8. ia

28.  ekaʃiatʃo

9. ku

29.  ekaʃokutʃo

10. tæ

30.  ekaʃogutʃo

11.      

40.  nikai (2 x 20)

12.

50.  nikaiʃotætʃo

13. tsishoŋ

60.  suŋkai (3 x 20)

14. cjudʒi

70.  suŋkaiʃotætʃo

15. coŋa

80.  dikai (4 x 20)

16. tʃuru

90.  dikaiʃotætʃo

17. tʃjudoŋ

100. ŋakai (5 x 20)

18. tʃoudʒe

200. 

19. tʃjuɡu

1000.

20. niʃi ~ nisa

2000.

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Sueyoshi Toba, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Nepal, January 26, 1994.

供资料的语言学家: 鸟羽季义教授, 1994 年 1 月 26 日.

 

Other comments: Toto use a vigesimal system. There were no numerals 11 and 12 on the table. Toto is spoken by approximately 1,400 speakers in Jalpaiguri district, Dhunchipara, Panchayatpara, and Subhapara areas, Totopara village on Indo-Bhutan border, West Bengal state, India.


 

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