Language name and locationː Toba-Qom, Chaco, Argentina [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 托巴孔语, 阿根廷北部查科省, 东北部福尔摩沙省和东北部圣塔菲省及玻利维亚, 巴拉圭境内  

1. ʔo:n-ole  < Spanish uno -dim.fem / ʔoon-ole-k < Spanish uno -dim-masc

2. dos-ole < Spanish dos -dim.fem(pl)           / dos-ol-qa < Spanish dos -dim-pl

3. tres-ole < Spanish tres -dim.fem(pl)          / tres-ol-qa < Spanish tres -dim-pl

4. cuatro-ole < Spanish cuatro -dim.fem(pl)  /cuatro-ol-qa < Spanish cuatro -dim-pl, 

   etc.

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Paola Cúneo and Dr. Cristina Messineo,

CONICET, University of Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires), Argentina,  September 10, 2018.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Paola Cúneo and Dr. Cristina Messineo, 2018 年 9 月 10 日

Other comments: Toba-Qom (Qom l’aqtac) or Toba, Chaco Sur, Toba Sur is spoken by approximately 31,000 speakers in Chaco province: Bermejito, Castelli, Fontana, La Leonesa, Las Palmas, Miraflores, Pampa del Indio, Pcia, Resistencia, Roca, Saenz Peña, San Martín, Tres Isletas; Corrientes province; Formosa province: El Colorado, Misión Laishí, San Carlos; Santa Fe province: Rosario, Argentina as well as Bolivia and Paraguay. Toba-Qom numerals are derived from Spanish numerals (with phonological adaptations) using the diminutive suffix -ole (fem) / -olek (masc). They exhibit gender and number agreement within the noun phrase. Plural is marked only in the masculine form using suffix -qa; plural feminine remains invariable.

At present, people mostly use Spanish numerals without the diminutive suffix. In the manuscript of Father Bárcena, dating from the late 16th century, edited by Lafone Quevedo in 1893 as the Art of the Toba Language [Arte de la Lengua Toba], the following numeral system –currently lost– of Toba and Mocoví (also Guaycuruan) is documented:

           TOBA                                                           MOCOVÍ

1          nathetac                                                      yñitara

2          cacayní vel nivoca                                         yñoaca

3          cacaynilia        (lia = ‘otro’)  (2+1)              yñoaca yekaini

4          nalotapegat                                                  ecuatro

5          nivoca cacainilia                   (2+3)               ycinco

6          cacayni cacaynilia                 (2 x 3)               eseis

7          nathedac cacayni cacaynilia    (1+3 x 2)          ysiete

8          nivoca nalotapegat                (2 x 4)               eocho

9          nivoca nalotapegat nathetac   (2 x 4+1)          enueve

10        cacayni nivoca nalotapegat     (2 x 4+2)         ydiez

nathetac colec  ‘uno solo’ (lit. ‘unito’)

Language name and locationː Toba-Qom, Chaco, Argentina [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 托巴孔语, 阿根廷北部查科省, 东北部福尔摩沙省和东北部圣塔菲省及玻利维亚, 巴拉圭境内  

1. ono-lek  < Spanish uno- masculine)

2. dos-ol=qa  < Spanish dos- -PL)

3. tres-ol-qa   < Spanish tres- -PL)

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Alejandra Vidal, National University of Formosa (Universidad Nacional de Formosa), Argentina, March 27, 2013.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Alejandra Vidal, 2013 年 3 月 27 日

Other comments: Toba-Qom (Qom l’aqtac) or Toba, Chaco Sur, Toba Sur is spoken by approximately 31,000 speakers in Chaco province: Bermejito, Castelli, Fontana, La Leonesa, Las Palmas, Miraflores, Pampa del Indio, Pcia, Resistencia, Roca, Saenz Peña, San Martín, Tres Isletas; Corrientes province; Formosa province: El Colorado, Misión Laishí, San Carlos; Santa Fe province: Rosario, Argentina as well as Bolivia and Paraguay. The more or less synthesizes the findings on numerals in Guaycuruan languages. Apparently either Toba-Qom and other related languages never had numerals or a completely lost; they use Spanish numerals with phonological adaptations.