Language name and locationː Toba-Maskoy, Paraguay [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 托巴-马斯科伊语 (Enenlhet 埃宁勒特语), 巴拉圭西部上巴拉圭省, 康赛普西翁省和中西部阿耶斯总统省

1. ɬɛmɑ

2. hɑnɛt

3. hɑnɛt toɬemɑ

4. from four up used Spanish loanwords now

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Raina Heaton, Assistant Professor of Native American Studies, The University of Oklahoma, USA. January 17, 2020.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Raina Heaton, 2020 年 1 月 17 日.

Other comments: Toba-Maskoy or Enenlhet, Toba of Paraguay, Toba-Enenlhet is spoken by approximately 1,260 speakers in Alto Paraguay department: Puerto Guarani area south; Concepción and Presidente Hayes departments, Paraguay.

Enenlhet or Toba-Maskoy has only kept traditional numerals from one to three, they use Spanish loanwords from four up now.

Language name and locationː Enenlhet /Toba-Maskoy, Paraguay [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: Enenlhet (埃宁勒特语) / 托巴-马斯科伊语, 巴拉圭

1. ɬema

2. hanet

3. hanetoɬemʔa        

5. ɬememek

6. ɬema-nekhaʔ-emek

7. hanet-nekhaʔ-emek

8. hanetoɬemʔa-nekhaʔ-emek

10. saʋhemejok

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Hannes Kalisch, Nengvaanemkeskama,  Nempayvaam Enlhet, Ya’alve-Saanga, Paraguay. January 22, 2013.

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Hannes Kalisch, 2013 年 1 月 22 日.

Other comments: Toba-Enenlhet or Toba-Maskoy has a traditional counting system up to ten made up by the reference to hands. Probably, it extended up to twenty (as it do in other languages of the family), but the living toba-enenlhet-elders don’t remember the correspoding terms. Also, they don’t remember the term for four, but use a term derived from Spanish: kuatolo.

For 1 to 3, the Toba-Enenlhet use exclusively the Toba-Enenlhet terms

For 4 and more, they use the Spanish numerals

* 2 and 3 (and 7, 8, respectively) indicate the gender of the entity which is counted:

hanet (fem), apqanet (masc), engqanet (1.pl)

hanetoɬemɁa (fem), apqanetoɬemɁa (masc), engqanetoɬemɁa (1.pl)

* some notes to the syntactic use of numerals you can find in:

Unruh, Ernesto; Kalisch, Hannes; Romero, Manolo. 2003. Enenlhet Apaivoma.Nentengiai'a nengiangvaiakmoho neliateikamaha enenlhet apaivoma. Guía para el aprendizaje del idioma materno toba. Biblioteca Paraguaya de Antropología,

Toba-Maskoy phonemic chart:

Consonantsː

Toba-Enenlhet permits the lengthening of consonants.

Vowelsː