Language name and location: Ticuna, Brazil, Peru, Colombia [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 蒂库纳语, 巴西西北部亚马逊州苏里摩希河上游及秘鲁, 哥伦比亚亚马逊热带雨林  

1. wɨ⁴³ʔi⁴,  monomorphemic

2. ta²ʔre⁴, monomorphemic 

3. to³ma⁵ʔẽ¹ʔpɨ¹,  to³ma⁵ is a cranberry morph;=ḛ¹pɨ¹is a clitic that otherwise means 'quantity'

4. ã³ɡɨ⁴mɨ¹kɨ³,  morphologically complex: ã³=ɡɨ⁴=mɨ¹kɨ³ (have=Pl=companion) 'having companions'

5. wɨ⁴³ʔi⁴mḛ¹, (litː ''all the hand''), complex: wɨ⁴³ʔi⁴=mḛ¹ (one=hand/finger). But does not synchronically mean 'one hand'; in that meaning, 'hand' behaves as an independent word. I have heard only wɨ⁴³ʔi⁴mḛ¹ and not the form given by Anderson here.

7. nai⁵ʔmḛ¹wa⁵ rɨ¹ ta²ʔre⁴, complex, same as 6

8. nai⁵ʔmḛ¹wa⁵ rɨ¹ to³ma⁵ʔḛ¹pɨ¹, complex, same as 6

10. ɡu⁵ʔmḛ¹pɨ¹ (litː "both of the hands"), complex: /ɡũ¹=ʔmḛ¹=ḛ¹pɨ¹/  (all=hand/finger=quantity). But does not synchronically mean 'both hands'; in that

 meaning, 'hand' behaves as independent word.

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Amalia Horan Skilton, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, USA, September 15, 2017.

Reference source: Lambert Anderson, SIL International, USA, November 15, 2008.

Sourceː Anderson, Doris G. 1962. Conversational Ticuna. Norman, Oklahomaː

Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Oklahoma.

提供资料的语言学家:  Dr. Amalia Horan Skilton, 2017 年 9 月 15 日.

Other comments: Ticuna or Tikuna is spoken by approximately 35,000 speakers out of 57,400 ethnic population in Amazonas state: upper Solimões river area, more than 20 indigenous islands, Brazil, as well as Peru and Colombia.

Ticuna is a language isolate, not known to be related to any other living language. Ticuna has a traditional counting system base on five and up to 20.

The Ticuna data from Lambert Anderson that you sent me in June is correct and I confirmed parts of it during my recent fieldwork. However, the Anderson data is written in an orthography that is very idiosyncratic and would be confusing to someone used to IPA.

The above is my retranscription of the Anderson data in IPA. Tone numbers are Chao i.e. 1 lowest, 5 highest. Note that the symbol <ḛ> as in the morph [ʔmḛ¹] 'hand' as [ʔmḛ⁵] is a creaky voice.

Language name and location: Ticuna, Brazil, Peru, Colombia [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 蒂库纳语, 巴西西北部亚马逊州苏里摩希河上游及秘鲁, 哥伦比亚亚马逊热带雨林  

1. wü²³xi²

2. ta⁴xre²

3. to³ma¹xe̠⁵xpü̠⁵

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Lambert Anderson, SIL International, USA, November 15, 2008.

Sourceː Anderson, Doris G. 1962. Conversational Ticuna. Norman, Oklahomaː

Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Oklahoma.

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Lambert Anderson, 2008 年 11 月 15 日.

Other comments: Ticuna or Tikuna is spoken by approximately 35,000 speakers out of 57,400 ethnic population in Amazonas state: upper Solimões river area, more than 20 indigenous islands, Brazil, as well as Peru and Colombia.

Ticuna is a language isolate, not known to be related to any other living language. Ticuna has a traditional counting system base on five and up to 20.

The number for five is literally "all the hand" meaning all five fingers. The number for six is "the other hand plus one". The numbers seven through nine follow the same pattern. The number for ten is literally "both of the hands". The number for eleven is  "one on our foot".  The number for twenty is literally "both our feet". However, anything beyond five is rarely used among the Ticunas at the present time. More and more they're using Spanish numbers beyond five. Ticuna is a tonal language, with five tones corresponding to five levels of voice pitch, one of the few languages in the world to have so many level distinctions (Cantonese, for example, only has 3 levels, although it also has rising and falling tones, while Ticuna does not). Because a speaker's base pitch varies substantially with the individual it is the relative interval between the tones in a given phrase that truly distinguishes them, rather than their absolute pitch (as would be the case in music). Tones are indicated orthographically with diacritics, when indicated at all.