Language name and locationː Tariano, Brazil, Columbia [Refer to: Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 塔里亚纳语, 巴西西北角亚马逊州沃佩斯河中部流域圣罗莎和附近地区及哥伦比亚境内

1. paː-

2. ñama- ( variantː yama)

3. madali-

4. ka-iphu-nipe > kephunipe (litː 'the one who has a companion')

5. pa-kapi (litː 'someone's hand')

6. pemi-kapi paː-na di-anata-na  ( litː 'one side of a hand (and) one follows ')

7. pemi-kapi ñama-na di-anata-na

8. pemi-kapi madali-na di-anata-na

9. pemi-kapi kephunipe-na di-anata-na

10. ñama-kapi thuya-na-pe (litː 'all two hands ')

11. ñama-kapi di-yena paː -na (litː 'two hands plus one')

12. ñama-kapi di-yena ñama -na

13. ñama-kapi di-yena madali- -na

14. ñama-kapi di-yena kephunipe -na

15. ñama-kapi di-yena hipama (litː 'two hands plus a foot ')

16. ñama-kapi di-yena paː-da paː-hipama  (litː 'all two hands add on one foot')

17. ñama-kapi di-yena ñama-da paː-hipama

18. ñama-kapi di-yena madali-da paː-hipama

19. ñama-kapi di-yena kephunipe-da paː-hipama

20. ñama-kapi thuya ñama-hipama thuya (litː 'all two hands and two feet')

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, July 14, 1992, Department of Linguistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, May 27, 2008.

提供资料的语言学家: Prof. Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, 1992 年 7 月 14 日.

Other comments: Tariáno or Taliáseri, Tariano, Tarîna is a moribund language spoken by 100 speakers only out of 1,900 ethnic population in Amazonas state: Santa Rosa (Juquira), Iauarete, Periquitos, and Ji-Ponta on Middle Vaupés river, Brazil as well as Colombia. The above data were based on  Santa Rosa dialect. Numerals in Tariana are: pa:- 'one', ñama- (variant: yama) 'two', madali- 'three'. They require obligatory agreement in numeral classifier. The set of numeral classifiers coincides with the set of noun class markers, except for the animate classifiers. Numerals use -ita 'generic animate' and -hipa 'animate (human)'.

Number four in Tariana is a deverbal nominalisation: ka-iphu-nipe → kephunipe
(rel-accompany-nom) 'four, lit. the one who has a companion'. Numerals from
five onwards are compounds. They are formed slightly differently in Santa Rosa
dialect, and in Periquitos dialect.

Numerals bigger than five are rarely used, and are often substituted by loan
numbers from Portuguese. Numerals from six to nine are formed as follows:

     one side of a hand (and) one+classifier follows (+classifier), e.g.:

     peme-kapi                    pa:-na     di-anata-na   'six'

     one+side+indf-hand one-cl:vert     3sgnf-follow-cl:vert

    (lit. 'the side of one hand and one vertical one, i.e. finger, which follows')

    A variant is pemekapi pa:-na dyanata (without the 'vertical' classifier -na at the end).

Number ten is literally '(all) two hands', e.g. ñama-kapi thuya-na-pe pu:we (two-
hand all-cl:vert-pl monkey) 'ten monkeys' (lit. 'all two hands monkey'), or n)
ama-kapi-da-pe pu:we (two-hand-cl:round-pl monkey) 'ten monkeys'.

Numbers from eleven to fourteen are either 'two hands add one (two,
three) +classifier', e.g. ñama-kapi di-yena pa:-na (two-hand 3sgnf-become one-cl:vert) 'eleven' (lit. 'two hands plus one'); or 'two hands and one+classifier on one foot follows', e.g. ñama-kapi-da-pe pa:-da pa:-hipama di-anata (two-hand-cl:round-pl one-cl:round one-foot 3sgnf-follow) 'eleven'.

The numeral 'fifteen' consists of 'two hands add a foot', as in ñama-kapi di-yena hipama (two-hand 3sgnf-become foot) 'fifteen' (lit. 'two hands plus a foot'), or of '(all) two hands one foot are over', as in (thuya) ñama-kapi pa:-hipama di-sisa ((all) two-
hand one-foot 3sgnf-end) 'fifteen'.

Numbers from sixteen to nineteen have the following structure: '(all) two hands
add one/two/three+classifier on one foot', e.g. ñama-kapi di-yena pa:-da pa:-hipama (two-hand 3sgnf+follow one-cl:round one-foot) 'sixteen'. Number twenty has the structure of '(all) two hands two all feet': ñama-kapi thuya ñama-hipama thuya (two
-hand all two-foot all) 'two hands and two feet', or: 'all two hands (all) two feet are over': ñama-kapi thuya ñama-hipama di-sisa (two-hand all two-foot 3sgnf-end). The number twenty resembles a Tucano type, and not a Baniwa type: twenty in Baniwa is nawiki 'one person: twenty (presumably, fingers and toes)'. The variability in the structure of compound numerals is probably due to their obsolescence (see Aikhenvald forthcoming-a on Portuguese numerals used in Tariana).

Numbers from five to fifteen in the Periquitos dialect are as follows:

• pa-kapi i-sisa (imp-hand indf-end) 'five'
• pa-kapi pa-da hi:pa (imp-hand one-cl:round ?) 'six'
• pa-kapi ñama-da hi:pa (imp-hand two-cl:round ?) 'seven'
• pa-kapi madali-da hi:pa (imp-hand three-cl:round ?) 'eight'
• pa-kapi kehpunipe-da-pe hi:pa (imp-hand four-cl:round-pl ?) 'nine'
• ñamema pa-kapi (two+cl:side imp-hand) or ñama-kapi i-sisa (two-cl:hand
  indf-end) 'ten'
• ñama-kapi i-sisa pa-hyupama pa-da (two-cl:hand indf-end one-cl:foot
  one-cl:round) 'eleven'
• ñama-kapi i-sisa pa-hyupama ñama-da (two-cl:hand indf-end two-cl:foot
  one-cl:round) 'twelve'
• ñama-kapi i-sisa pa-hyupama madali-da (two-cl:hand indf-end one-cl:foot
  three-cl:round) 'thirteen'
• ñama-kapi i-sisa pa-hyupama kehpunipe-da-pe (two-cl:hand indf-end one-cl:
  foot four-cl:round-pl) 'fourteen'
• ñama-kapi i-sisa pa-hyupama i-sisa (two-cl:hand indf-end one-cl:foot
  indf-end) 'fifteen'

The term for twenty is ñama-kapi i-sisa ñama-hyupama i-sisa (two-cl:hand indf-
   end two-cl:foot indf-end).