Language name and locationː Rama, Rama Cay, Nicaragua [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 拉马语, 尼加拉瓜东部加勒比海沿岸南加勒比海自治区拉马凯村

1. saimiŋ

2. puksak

3. pansak

4. kuŋkuŋbi

5. kʷikistar

6. kʷikistar uruksu saimiŋ ( '1 over 5' )

7. kʷikistar uruksu puksak

8. kʷikistar uruksu pansak

9. kʷikistar uruksu kuŋkuŋbi

10. kʷikistar uruksu kʷikistar

11. kʷikistar uruksu kʷikistar saimiŋ

12. kʷikistar uruksu kʷikistar puksak

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Collette G. Grinevald, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA, April 25, 1993.

提供资料的语言学家: Prof. Collette G. Grinevald, 1993 年 4 月 25 日.

Other comments: Rama is an endangered language spoken by approximately 740 speakers out of 4,000 ethnic population in Rama Cay, South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Costa Rica. Most people shifted to Nicaragua English Creole now. The Rama people do not have an elaborate system of counting. Only the first five numbers are commonly used by speakers today. Numbers above five were elicited from a group of native speakers from the jungle who arrived at the forms listed above after some discussion. It is not clear how natural or reliable these forms are, nor how often they might be used. No form for 20, or any subsequent decimal could be elicited. Numbers from 6 to 9 are expressions meaning literally 'X over 5'. There is no lexicalized word for ten. It appears to be the expression 'five over five', although the expression changes to 'twice five ' for expressing the notion of ten itself in the numbers beyond it, so that 'eleven' is literally 'one over twice five'. Their new language is English Creole, so if they often count numbers in English.

Language name and locationː Rama, Rama Cay, Nicaragua [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 拉马语, 尼加拉瓜东部加勒比海沿岸南加勒比海自治区拉马凯村

1. sáimiŋ

2. púksak / púkʃak

3. páŋsak

4. kúnkunbi

5. kwíkwistar

6. kwíkwistar su sáimiŋ

7. kwíkwistar su puksak

8. kwíkwistar su  pansak

9. kwíkwistar su  kuŋkuŋbi

10. kwik púksak atkulin  ( litː 5 x 2 'two hands at an end' )

11. kwik púksak atkulin su sáimiŋ

12. kwik púksak atkulin su púksak

13. kwik púksak atkulin su páŋsak

14. kwik púksak atkulin su kúnkunbi

15. kwik páŋsak atkulin  ( litː 5 x 3 'three hands at an end' )

16. kwik páŋsak atkulin su sáimiŋ

17. kwik páŋsak atkulin su púksak

18. kwik páŋsak atkulin su páŋsak

19. kwik páŋsak atkulin su kúnkunbi

20. mutkúli sáimiŋ ( litː 'one person'), 21. mutkúli sáimiŋ su sáimiŋ

Source: Rigsby and Schneider. 1989. Bruce Rigsby and John Ingram: Obstruent Voicing and Glottalic. Obstruents in Gitksan. Rama Creole-Spanish / English-Rama (Rigby and Schneider). 1989b, N. Rigby & R. Schneider : Dictionary of the Rama. Language : Rama-English-Rama-Creole-Spanish/English-Rama