Language name and locationː Nivaclé, Paraguay, Argentina [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 尼瓦克勒语, 巴拉圭西部波格隆省和阿耶斯总统省帕及阿根廷境内

1. weʔɬa, litt.: ‘it-is-one; it-is-alone’

2. napuʔ, litt: ‘they-are-two’, ‘they-are-few’

3. puʔxaʔna, litt: ‘they-are-three’

4. yitʃatxuɬ, segmentable as /y-iʧ-at-xuɬ/, litt. ‘they-go-toward-each-other’
    (comparable form in Nivacle’s sister langue: ikwetxuɬ (Gerzenstein 1999),
    segmentable as ik-wet-xuɬ (they-goe-REFLEXIVE/RECIPROCAL-towards)

5. weʔɬanɑxeʃ, segm. :/weʔɬa n-ɑx-e-ʃ/, litt. ‘there-is-one + it-ends-with-it’;
    alternatives: (1) /weʔɬa  n-ɑx-e-ʃ kas-pasʧe-i/ ‘there-is-one + it-ends-with-it our-
    fingers’; (2) /n-ɑx-e-ʃ-ʧʔe na-wa  kas-pasʧe-i/ ‘it-ends-in-length- with + our-fingers’

6. weʔɬa tawaʔy-apeʔe, litt.: ‘it-is-one + it-is-this-side-upon’; alternatives: (1) weɬa y-
    am-a *, litt.: ‘it-is-one + it-goes-there’ ; (2) weɬa y-am-a  kas-pasʧe-i, litt. ‘it-is-one
   + it-goes-there our fingers’

7. napuʔ tawaʔy-apeʔe), litt. ‘they-are-two + they-are-this-side-upon’; alternatives: (1)
    napuʔ y-am-a *, litt. ‘they-are-two + they-go-there’; (2) napuʔ y-am-a kas-pasʧe-i,
    litt. ‘they-are-two + they-go-there + our-fingers’ 

8. puʔxaʔna tawaʔy-apeʔe), litt. ‘they-are-three +  they-are-this-side-upon’; alternative:
    (1) puʔxaʔna y-am-a *, litt. ‘they-are-three + it-goes-there’; (2)  puʔxaʔna y-am-a
    kas-pasʧe-i, litt. ‘they-are-three + it-goes-there’ + our fingers’

9. yiʧatxuɬ tawaʔy-apeʔe), litt. ‘they-are-four + they-are-this-side-upon’;  alternative:
    yiʧatxuɬ y-am-a *, litt. ‘they-are-four + it-goes-there’ 

10. napuʔ nɑxeʃ), litt. ‘they-are-two + it-ends-with-it’; alternative: napuʔ n-ɑx-e-ʃ-ʧʔe
     kas-pasʧe-i/ ‘they-are-two + it-ends-in-length-with + our-fingers’

20. n-ɑx-e-ʃ-ʧʔe na-yi-fju-s, litt. ‘it-ends-in-length-with my-toes’ (reconstructed from
     Schmidt’s transcription <nôjhé’ichtsena’ifjus> Max Schmidt (1940) ‘Vocabulario
     de la lengua Churupí’, Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay V/1: 73-97,
     Asunción

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Alain Fabre, Tampere University of Technology, Finland, March 3, 2014.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Alain Fabre, 2014 年 3 月 3 日

Other comments: Nivaclé or Guisnai is spoken by approximately 10,000 speakers in

Boquerón department: southeast; Presidente Hayes department: west; Chaco region, Paraguay as well as Argentina.

Nivaclé has a traditional five-based counting system up to twenty. Nowadays Nivacle hardly ever use vernacular numbers over three, but elderly people may remember them.

Items with * : form already recorded (in awkward but recognizable transcription) by Erland Nordenskiöld (1910), in his book Indian lif, Stockholm (p. 27)

The obvious parts areː -tawaʔy apeʔe 'behind' (where -tawaʔy = 'after, other', apeʔe ='on, upon').

Language name and locationː Nivaclé, Paraguay, Argentina [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 尼瓦克勒语, 巴拉圭西部波格隆省和阿耶斯总统省帕及阿根廷境内

1. weʔɬa

2. napuʔ

3. puʔxaʔna

4. yičatxuɬ

5. weʔɬanɑxeš  *

6. weʔɬa-tawaʔy apeʔe *

7. napuʔ-tawaʔy apeʔe

8. puʔxaʔna-tawaʔy apeʔe

9. yičatxul-tawaʔy apeʔe

10. napuʔnɑxeš

11. borrowed Spanish

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Lyle Campbell, University of Utah, Utah, USA, March 15, 2008.

提供资料的语言学家: Prof. Lyle Campbell, 2008 年 3 月 15 日

Other comments: Nivaclé has a traditional five-based counting system. All numbers beyond ''10'' are now in Spanish. The obvious parts areː -tawaʔy apeʔe 'behind' (where -tawaʔy = 'after, other', apeʔe ='on, upon').