Language name and location: Darmdo Minyag, Sichuan, China [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 西部木雅语, 中国四川省甘孜藏族自治州朋布西乡

1. ´tə

21. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ´tsa tɕi

2. ˉnə

22. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ´tsa ȵi

3. ˉso

23. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa so

4. ´rə̰

24. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ´tsa ʑə

5. ˉɴɑ

25. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa ŋa

6. ˉtɕ^hu

26. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa ʈʂu

7. ´ȵʉ

27. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa dɵ̃

8. ˉɕʌ

28. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa dʑe

9. ´^ŋgə

29. (´ȵi ɕɯ) ˉtsa gu

10. ´ɦa kə

30. ˉsə tɕɯ

11. ´ɦa ti

40. ´ʑə tɕɯ

12. ´ɦa nə

50. ˉŋa tɕɯ

13. ´ɦo so

60. ˉʈʂu tɕɯ

14. ´ɦo rə̰

70. ˉdɵ̃ tɕɯ

15. ´ɦa^ʕ ɴɑ

80. ˉdʑe tɕɯ

16. ´ɦo tɕ^hu

90. ˉgu tɕɯ

17. ´ɦo ȵʉ

100. ˉdʑa, 200. ´ȵi dʑa

18. ´ɦo ɕʌ

400. ´ʑə dʑa   

19. ´ɦo ^ŋgə

800. ˉdʑe dʑa

20. ´ȵi ɕɯ

1000. ˉtõ  

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Hiroyuki Suzuki, Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo, Norway.  March 14, 2022.

提供资料的语言学家: 铃木博之博士(日本国立民族学博物馆研究员/ 挪威奥斯陆大学)

2022 年 3 月 14 日.

Other comments: Darmdo Minyag or Western Minyag has a decimal system, Word forms of 20 and more than 20: using Tibetic loanwords。

Darmdo Minyag (a.k.a. Western Minyag) is spoken in Lazexi village of Pengbuxi Township, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan, China.

Vocalism

Suprasegmentals

Darmdo Minyag has a word-tone system with four contrastive pitch patterns: HIGH (ˉ), RISING (´), FALLING ( ` ), and RISING-FALLING ( ^ ) [N.B. Subject to change depending on phonological frameworks]. Only the first two syllables of a word can have a distinct pitch pattern; after which low pitch patterns follow. Hence, no more than the first two syllables of a word are considered as the tone-bearing unit (TBU).

Language name and location: Muya, Sichuan, Tibet, China [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 木雅语, 中国四川省甘孜藏族自治州和西藏藏族自治区

1. tʌ⁵⁵-(lø³³) 

21.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ tɕi⁵³

2. tʌ⁵⁵ndʐe³³ or nə⁵⁵ =(zɛ³³) 

22.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ ni⁵³

3. sɔ̠⁵⁵=(lø³³)

23.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ sɔ̠⁵³

4. ʐʌ⁵⁵=(lø³³)

24.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ ʑə⁵³

5. ɴɑ̠⁵⁵=(lø³³)

25.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ ɴɑ̠⁵³

6. tɕʰy⁵⁵=(lø³³)

26.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ tʂu⁵³

7. ɲy⁵⁵=(lø³³)

27.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ dø⁵³

8. ɕʌ⁵⁵=(lø³³)

28.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ dʑe⁵³

9. ŋɡə⁵⁵=(lø³³)

29.  ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³ tsɛ³³ ŋɡu⁵³

10. ɦɛ³³kø⁵⁵=(lø³³)

30.  sø⁵⁵tsɛ³³

11. ɦɛ³³ti⁵⁵=(lø³³)

40.  ʑə⁵⁵tsɛ³³

12. ɦɛ⁵⁵nə³³=(lø³³)

50.  ŋɛ⁵⁵tsɛ³³  

13. ʁɔ̠³³sɔ̠⁵⁵=(lø³³)

60.  tʂu⁵⁵tsɛ³³

14. ʁɔ̠³³ʐʌ̠⁵⁵=(lø³³)

70.  dø⁵⁵tsɛ³³

15. ɦɑ̠⁵⁵ɴɑ̠³³=(lø³³)

80.  dʑɛ⁵⁵tsɛ³³

16. ʁɔ̠³³tɕʰy⁵⁵=(lø³³)

90.  ŋɡu⁵⁵tsɛ³³

17. ʁɔ̠³³ɲy⁵⁵=(lø³³)

100. dʑɛ⁵³,  200. ni³³dʑɛ⁵³

18. ʁɔ̠³³ɕʌ⁵⁵=(lø³³)

400. ʑə³³ dʑɛ⁵³, 800. dʑe³³dʑɛ⁵³

19. ʁɔ̠⁵⁵ŋɡə⁵⁵=(lø³³)

1000. tɔ̠⁵⁵ntʂʰɑ³³ tʌ⁵⁵-(lø³³)  

20. ɲi⁵⁵ɕə³³

2000.  tɔ̠⁵⁵ntʂʰɑ³³ tʌ⁵⁵ndʐe³³

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Gao Yang, EHESS-Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales / CRLAO, French Teacher, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China, November 18, 2017.

提供资料的语言学家: 高扬博士 (法国高等社会科学研究院 (EHESS)/法国东亚语言研究所(CRLAO)博士生 / 重庆工商大学法语教师), 2017 年 11 月 18 日.

Other comments: Muya or Western Minyag has a decimal system, compound numerals from 21 to 29 and other higher numbers are loanwords from Tibetan language. Western Minyag or Darmdo or Munya is spoken by approximately 11,500 speakers in Ganzi (Garzê) Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Kangding and Shimian counties, Sichuan province, China.

Language name and location: Muya, Sichuan, Tibet, China [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 木雅语, 中国四川省甘孜藏族自治州和西藏藏族自治区

1. tɐ³⁵

21.  ȵi³⁵ɕɯ⁵³ tsɛ⁵⁵ tɕi⁵⁵

2. nɯ³⁵

22. 

3. so³⁵

23. 

4. ʐɐ̠³⁵

24. 

5. ŋɑ³⁵

25. 

6. tɕʰyi³⁵

26.

7. ȵyi³⁵

27. 

8. ɕyɐ⁵³

28.

9. nɡuɯ³⁵

29. 

10. ɦɛ³⁵kø⁵⁵

30.  sɯ⁵⁵ntɕʰuɯ⁵³

11. ɦɛ³⁵ti⁵⁵

40.  ʑi³³tɕyɯ⁵³

12. ɦɛ³⁵nɯ³⁵

50.  ŋɛ⁵⁵tɕyɯ⁵³

13. ʁo³⁵so³⁵

60.  tʂu³⁵tɕuɯ⁵³

14. ʁo³⁵rɯ⁵⁵

70.  dø³⁵tɕyɯ⁵³

15. ɦa³⁵ŋɑ⁵⁵

80.  dʑɛ³⁵tɕyɯ⁵³

16. ʁo³⁵tɕʰi⁵⁵

90.  ɡu³⁵tɕyɯ⁵³

17. ʁo³⁵ȵi⁵⁵

100. dʑɛ⁵³

18. ʁo³⁵ɕɔ⁵⁵

200.  

19. ʁo³⁵nɡɯ³⁵

1000. to⁵⁵ntʂʰɑ⁵³

20. ȵi³⁵ɕɯ⁵³

2000.

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Sun Hongkai, Centre of Minority Languages, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, October 3, 1999.

提供资料的语言学家: 孙宏开教授 (中国社科院民族研究所), 1999 年 10 月 3 日.

Other comments: Muya has a decimal system. Western Minyag or Darmdo or Munya is spoken in Ganzi (Garzê) Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Kangding and Shimian counties, Sichuan province, China.