Language name and locationː Xong, Hunan province, China [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 湖南凤凰县岩坎村红苗语, 湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州凤凰县

1. ɑ³

21.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ ɑ³

2. ɛɯ¹

22.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ ɛɯ¹

3. bu¹

23.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ bu¹

4. biɤj¹

24.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ biɤj¹

5. biɑ¹

25.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ biɑ¹

6. tʂu⁵

26.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ tʂu⁵

7. tɕõ⁶

27.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ tɕõ⁶

8. i⁴

28.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ i⁴

9. tɕo²

29.  ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴ tɕo²

10. ɡu⁴

30.  bu¹ ɡu⁴  

11. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ ɑ³

40.  biɤj¹ ɡu⁴

12. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ ɛɯ¹

50.  biɑ¹ ɡu⁴  

13. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ bu¹

60.  tʂu⁵ ɡu⁴

14. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ biɤj¹

70.  tɕõ⁶ ɡu⁴  

15. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ biɑ¹

80.  i⁴ ɡu⁴

16. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ tʂu⁵

90.  tɕo² ɡu⁴ 

17. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ tɕõ⁶

100. ɑ³ ba⁵  < Chinese

18. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ i⁴

200. ɛɯ¹ ba⁵

19. ɑ³ ɡu⁴ tɕo²

1000. ɑ³ tsʰã¹ < Chinese

20. ɛɯ¹ ɡu⁴   

2000. ɛɯ¹ tsʰã¹

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Adam Sposato, Department of Linguistics,

State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. November 12, 2012
提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Adam Sposato, 2012 年 11 月 12 日.

Other comments: Xong or Western Xiangxi Miao has a decimal system. The above data were based on the Xong language (ISO 639-3 code mmr), specifically, the variety spoken in Yankan Village in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province, Southwest China.

1. Most varieties of Fenghuang Xong have 7 syllable-level tones. These have been

    represented with numerals following each syllable in the table above.

2. Note that the form ‘six’ begins with an apical-palatal affricate (/tṣ/, with a dot under

    the < s >), not an alveolar one.

3. Martha Ratliff argues in her book Hmong-Mien Language History (2010: 214­ – 218)

   that all Miao-Yao numerals aside from ‘two’ and ‘three’ (and possibly ‘five’ and

   ‘seven’) are likely borrowings from various Sino-Tibetan languages, although they

   might have been borrowed well over a thousand years ago.

4. The two forms meaning ‘thousand’ (i.e. /ts^hã1/ and /tɕ^hɛ3/) are in free variation.

   Both are borrowings from Sinitic (likely Fenghuang Chinese), although on purely

   phonetic grounds I’d guess that /tɕ^hɛ3/ is a more recent borrowing than /ts^hã1/.

5. I’ve included a rough phoneme and tone inventory of Yankan Xong, the variety of

   Fenghuang Xong with which I’m most familiar. The IPA values of each phoneme are

   given to the left, and the corresponding symbols I’m using in my practical

   orthography are given to the right. You’ll note I haven’t included any information on

   tones in the sketch, mainly because I’m in the field at the moment and I haven’t had

   the time to look at the relevant spectrograms in detail yet. There’s a large amount of

   phonetic variation among the tones of different varieties of Fenghuang Xong, but

   a rough characterization of the particularly salient aspects of Yankan Xong’s tones

   would be as follows:

Tone 1: falling (from mid to low); light creaky voicing.

Tone 2: high pitch; level or slightly rising pitch contour; noticeably short

duration.

Tone 3: falling (from high to low).

Tone 4: falling (from high to low); heavy breathy voicing.

Tone 5: rises sharply from low to high, then falls slightly at the end.

Tone 6: mid pitch; level pitch contour; light breathy voicing.

Tone 7: mid pitch; level or slightly rising pitch contour.

Language name and locationː Western Xiangxi Miao, China [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 湖南花恒腊乙坪苗语, 湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州花恒县

1. ɑ⁴⁴

21.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ ɑ⁴⁴

2. ɯ³⁵

22.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ ɯ³⁵

3. pu³⁵

23.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ pu³⁵

4. pʐei³⁵

24.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ pʐei³⁵

5. pʐɑ³⁵

25.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ pʐa³⁵

6. ʈɔ⁵³

26.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ ʈɔ⁵³

7. tɕoŋ⁴²

27.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ tɕoŋ⁴²

8. ʑi³³

28.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ ʑi³³

9. tɕo³¹

29.  ɯ³⁵ ku³³ tɕo³¹

10. ku³³

30.  pu⁵³ ku³³ 

11. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ ɑ⁴⁴

40.  pʐei³⁵ ku³³

12. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ ɯ³⁵

50.  pʐɑ³⁵ ku³³

13. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ pu³⁵

60.  ʈɔ⁵³ ku³³

14. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ pʐei³⁵

70.  tɕoŋ⁴² ku³³ 

15. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ pʐɑ³⁵

80.  ʑi³⁵ ku³³

16. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ ʈɔ⁵³

90.  tɕo³¹ ku³³ 

17. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ tɕoŋ⁴²

100. ɑ⁴⁴ pa⁵³ < Chinese

18. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ ʑi³³

200. ɯ³⁵ pa⁵³

19. ɑ⁴⁴ ku³³ tɕo³¹

1000. ɑ⁴⁴ tsʰɛ³⁵ < Chinese

20. ɯ³⁵ ku³³  

2000. ɯ³⁵ tsʰɛ³⁵

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Chen Qiguang, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China, November 24, 1993
提供资料的语言学家: 陈其光教授（北京中央民族大学 ), 1993 年 11 月 24 日.

Other comments: Western Xiangxi Miao has a decimal system. The above data were based on Layiping Miao, spoken in Huaheng county, Hunan Province, South China.

Western Xiangxi Miao (mmr). Alternate Names: Eastern Miao, Ghao-Xong, Hsianghsi Miao, Huayuan Miao, Meo Do, Northern Miao, Red Meo, Red Miao, West Hunan Miao, Western Ghao-Xong, Western West-Hunan Miao, Xong, is spoken by approximately 820,000 speakers (Wang and Mao 1995) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Nandan county, Hechi municipality; Guizhou province: Songtao county, southeast Chongqing and Tongren municipalities, Xiushan and Youyang counties; Hubei province: Xuan’en county; Hunan province: Baojing, Fenghuang, Guzhang, Huadan, Jishou, Longshan, and Xinhuang Mayang counties, China.