Language name and locationː South Marquesan, Fr. Polynesia [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 南部马克萨斯语, 法属波利尼西亚马克萨斯群岛

1. e tahi

21. tekau ma tahi

2. e ʔua

22. tekau ma ʔua

3. e toʔu

23. tekau ma toʔu

4. e faː

24. tekau ma faː

5. e ʔima

25. tekau ma ʔima

6. e ono

26. tekau ma ono

7. e fitu

27. tekau ma fitu

8. e vaʔu

28. tekau ma vaʔu

9. e iva

29. tekau ma iva

10. ʔonohuʔu

30. tekau ma ʔonohuʔu (OF)/e toʔu ʔonohuʔu (NF)

11. ʔonohuʔu ma tahi

40. e toufaː (OF, still used) / e fa: ʔonohuʔ(NF)

12. ʔonohuʔu ma ʔua

50. e toufaː me te ʔonohuʔu (OF)/e ʔima ʔonohuʔu (NF)

13. ʔonohuʔu ma toʔu

60. e toufaː me te tekau (OF) / e toʔu tekau (OF)*

14. ʔonohuʔu ma faː

70. e toʔu tekau me te ʔonohuʔu /e fitu ʔonohuʔu

15. ʔonohuʔu ma ʔima

80. e ʔua toufaː / e fa: tekau / e vaʔu ʔonohuʔu

16. ʔonohuʔu ma ono

90. e faː tekau me te ʔonohuʔu /e ʔuaː toufaː me te ʔonohuʔu

17. ʔonohuʔu ma fitu

100. e ʔua touhaː me te tekau / hanere (<English)

18. ʔonohuʔu ma vaʔu

200. e tahi ʔau (not used anymore) / e ʔua hanare

19. ʔonohuʔu ma iva

1000. e ʔima ʔau (not used anymore) / tautini (< English)

20. tekau

2000. e tahi mano (not used) / e ʔua tautini

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Gabriele Cablitz, Seminar für Allgemeine &
Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Kiel (University of Kiel), Kiel, Germany.

September 19, 2011.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Gabriele Cablitz, 2011 年 9 月 19 日.

Other comments: The old counting system in South Marquesan is in some respect different to the North Marquesan one. It also uses 20 and 40, but uses 200 (=e tahi ʔau) and 2000 (=e tahi mano) as counting units. In South Marquesan, there is also more use of tekau ‘20’ in composed numerals (cf. 60, 70, 80, 90).

Nowadays the tekau (20) and toufā (40) are used frequently by all speakers (same as in North Marquesan); there are a third newer forms for 60 'e ono ʔonohuʔu'. and 90 'e ʔua toufaː me te ʔonohuʔu'.

However, e tahi ʔau and e tahi mano have now the same meaning as in North Marquesan, i.e. e tahi ʔau is ‘400’ and e tahi mano is ‘4000’. ʔau and mano do not occur on their own, but are constructed with the numeral construction e tahi ‘one’ and therefore seem to be more like other collective nominals in the language. Again e tahi ʔau and e tahi mano are only used in specific contexts (the same as in North Marquesan). Otherwise the new forms which are based on the decimal system are preferred and normally used. The same holds for 30, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90. For 100, 200, etc. and 1000 the loanwords (hanere and tautini from English / miri from French 'mille') are used by the majority of speakers regardless of their age. The usage of the decimal system is already attested in the dictionary of Dordillon (latter half of the 19^th century).

Note: OF=older form, NF=newer form.

South Marquesan is spoken by about 2,700 speakers in Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.

Language name and locationː South Marquesan, Fr. Polynesia [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 南部马克萨斯语, 太平洋东部法属波利尼西亚马克萨斯群岛

1. e tahi

21. tekau ma tahi

2. e ʔua

22. tekau ma ʔua

3. e toʔu

23. tekau ma toʔu

4. e haː

24. tekau ma haː

5. e ʔima

25. tekau ma ʔima

6. e ono

26. tekau ma ono

7. e hitu

27. tekau ma hitu

8. e vaʔu

28. tekau ma vaʔu

9. e iva

29. tekau ma iva

10. ʔonohuʔu

30. e toʔu ʔonohuʔu / tekau ma ʔonohuʔu

11. ʔonohuʔu ma tahi

40. e touhaː

12. ʔonohuʔu ma ʔua

50. e touhaː ma ʔonohuʔu (40+10)

13. ʔonohuʔu ma toʔu

60. e touhaː me te tekau (40+20)

14. ʔonohuʔu ma haː

70. e touhaː me te tekau  ʔonohuʔu

15. ʔonohuʔu ma ʔima

80. e ʔua touhaː  (2 x 40)

16. ʔonohuʔu ma ono

90. e ʔua touhaː ma ʔonohuʔu (2 x 40+10)

17. ʔonohuʔu ma hitu

100. e ʔua touhaː me te tekau (2 x 40+20)

18. ʔonohuʔu ma vaʔu

200. e ʔima touhaː (5 x 40)

19. ʔonohuʔu ma iva

1000. e ʔua ʔau e ʔima touhaː (2x400+5x40)

20. tekau

2000. e ʔima ʔau (5 x 400)  

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Toti Teikiehuupoko, Académie Marquisienne.

June 18, 2006.

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Toti Teikiehuupoko, 2006 年 6 月 18 日

Other comments: South Marquesan has a special counting system based on 20, 40 and

400. The origins for 40 'touha' and 400 ʔau' are unclear but the people still use them to

count coconuts and persons now. There are loanwords from English 'haːnere' 100 and

'tautuni' 1000'. South Marquesan is spoken by about 2,700 speakers in Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.