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Language name and locationː Macushi, Roraima, Brazil, Guyana [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. ti'wɪŋ |
21. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ ti'wɪŋ |
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2. ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ |
22. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ |
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3. ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ |
23. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ |
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4. ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ |
24. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ |
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5. mi'aʔ taʲ'kiŋ |
25. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ mi'aʔ taʲ'kiŋ |
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6. mi'aʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
26. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ + 6 |
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7. ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ mi'aʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
27. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ + 7 |
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8. ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ mi'aʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
28. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ + 8 |
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9. ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ mi'aʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
29. ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ + 9 |
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10. mi'aʔ taˌmɨʔnawɨˈrɨ |
30.
ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ
mi'aɁ |
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11. ti'wɪŋ puʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
40.
ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ
pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ
mi'aɁ |
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12. ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ puʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
50. ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ |
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13. ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ puʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
60. ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ |
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14. ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ puʔ po'na ˌtɨːmoˈtaʲ |
70.
ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ
mi'aɁ |
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15. mi'aɁ taʲ'kiŋ puɁ poˈna ˌtɨ:moˈtaʲ (or) puɁ taʲ'kiŋ |
80. ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ |
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16. tiˈwɪŋ iraˈtaʲ puɁ poˈna ˌtɨ:moˈtaʲ |
90.
ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ moro'baʲ
mi'aɁ |
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17. ɛˌsaːɡɨ'nɛ iraˈtaʲ puɁ poˈna ˌtɨ:moˈtaʲ |
100. mi'aʔ taʲ'kiŋ |
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18. ɛˌseʷrɨwɨ'nɛ iraˈtaʲ puɁ poˈna ˌtɨ:moˈtaʲ |
200. mi'aʔ taʲ'kiŋ moro'baʲ miˈaɁ taʲˈkiŋ pɛmoŋˈgoŋ |
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19. ɛˌsaːɡɨrɨ'rɨ iraˈtaʲ puɁ poˈna ˌtɨ:moˈtaʲ |
1000. (non-existent ) |
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20. puʔ taˌmɨʔnawɨ'rɨ, ti'wɪŋ pɛmoŋˈɡoŋ |
2000. (non-existent ) |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Ronald B. MacDonell,
CIMI, Conselho Indigenista Missionário
("Missionary Indigenist Council") of the Roman Catholic Church,
Brazil.
June 15, 2009. |
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Other comments: Macushi or Makusi, Makuxi is spoken by approximately 37,000 speakers in Roraima state; Contingo, Mau, Pium, Quino rivers, Brazil as well as Guyana and Venezuela. Macushi or Makuxi [maˌkuːʒi] has a counting system based on hands and persons. My observations are as followsː (1). My sociolinguistic data (43 hours of recorded speech of 21 Makuxi speakers) show that the speakers really only used the numbers from 1 to 10 in Makuxi, even though they claim to use Makuxi numbers from 1 to 20. In recorded speech, for eleven and above, the Makuxi informants used the numbers from Portuguese, the dominant language. Numbers for eleven and above do exist in the Makuxi language, as elicited from speakers, but are not generally used. It seems that counting beyond 10 was not important in Makuxi culture, since it was not a money-based culture. (2). Usually, the term kaisarî [ˌkaʲʃaˈrɨ] “equal to” is added after the number. (3). The Makuxi cardinal counting system is based on the 20 human digits (fingers and toes). There are four basic numbers: 1 = tiwin, 2 = esaakîne, 3 = eseurîwîne, 4 = esaakîrîrî. The remaining numbers are glossed as follows (I am using current Makuxi orthography): 5 = mia’ taikin hand half 6 = tiwin mia’ pona tîîmotai one hand of/to other-side 7 = esaakîne mia’ pona tîîmotai two hand of/to other-side 8 = eseurîwîne mia’ pona tîîmotai three hand of/to other-side 9 = esaakîrîrî mia’ pona tîîmotai four hand of/to other-side 10 = mia’ tamî’nawîrî hand all 11 = tiwin pu’ pona tîîmotai one foot of/to other-side 12 = esaakîne pu’ pona tîîmotai two foot of/to other-side 13 = eseurîwîne pu’ pona tîîmotai three foot of/to other-side 14 = esaakîrîrî pu’ pona tîîmotai four foot of/to other-side 15 = mai’ taikin pu’ pona tîîmotai or: pu’ taikin hand half foot of/to other-side foot half 16 = tiwin iratai pu’ pona tîîmotai one other foot of/to other-side 17 = esaakîne iratai pu’ pona tîîmotai two other foot of/to other-side 18 = eseurîwîne iratai pu’ pona tîîmotai three other f oot of/to other-side 19 = esaakîrîrî iratai pu’ pona tîîmotai four other foot of/to other-side 20 = pu’ tamî’nawîrî or: tiwin pemonkon foot all one person 21 = tiwin pemonkon moropai tiwin one person and one 22 = tiwin pemonkon moropai esaakîne one person and two
And so on for numbers 23 to 29. 30 = tiwin pemonkon moropai mia’ tamî’nawîrî one person and (10) hand all 40 = esaakîne pemonkon two persons 50 = esaakîne pemonkon moropai mia’ tamî’nawîrî two persons and (10) hand all 60 = eseurîwîne pemonkon three persons 70 = eseurîwîne pemonkon moropai mia’ tamî’nawîrî three persons and (10) hand all 80 = esaakîrîrî pemonkon four persons 90 = eseurîwîne pemonkon moropai mia’ tamî’nawîrî four persons and (10) hand all 100 = mia’ taikin pemonkon (5) hand half persons
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Language name and locationː Macushi, Roraima, Brazil, Guyana [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. tiwin |
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2. asakî'ne |
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3. eseurîwî'ne |
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4. saakîrîrî |
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5. mia' taikin ( litː only one hand' ) |
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6. tiwin mia' pona tîimo'tai ( litː 'moving to one on the (other) hand ) |
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7. asakî'ne mia' pona tîîmo'tai |
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8. eseurîwî'ne mia' pona tîimo'tai |
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9. saakîrîrî mia' pona tîîmo'tai |
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10. mia' tamî' nawîrî ( litː 'all the hand' ) |
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11. tiwin pu' pona tîîmo'tai |
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12. asakî'ne pu' pona tîîmo'tai |
| 13. eseurîwî'ne pu' pona tîîmo'tai |
| 14. saakîrîrî pu' pona tîîmo'tai |
| 15. mia' taikin pu' pona tîîmo'tai ( litː moving 5 or hand to the foot ) |
| 16. 16 - 19 not used at all |
| 20. tiwin pemonkon (litː 'one person ) |
| 40. asakî'ne pemonkon (litː 'two persons' ) |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Ms. Miriam F. Abbott, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Brazil, April 17, 1991, October 15, 2008. 提供资料的语言学家: Ms. Miriam F. Abbott, 1991 年 4 月 17 日, 2008 年 10 月 15 日. |
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Other comments: Macushi has a counting system based on hands and persons. But, nowadays, only numbers 1 - 10 are used fairly frequently but above that hardly used at all. 15 is '' moving 5 or hand to the foot''. Other numbers 16 to 19 were not recorded. 20 is expressed by ''one person''. |
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