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Language name and locationː Khroskyabs, Sichuan, China [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. ræ̂/ɣ |
21. nêrtsəvrǽɣ |
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2. ɣnæ̂/ɣ |
22. nêrtsəmnæ̂ɣ |
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3. xsə̂m |
23. nêrtsəfsə́m |
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4. vdə́ |
24. nêrtsəvdə́ |
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5. mŋɑ́d |
25. nêrtsəmŋɑ́d |
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6. xtɕéɣ |
26. nêrtsəfxtɕéɣ |
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7. sɲæ̂ |
27. nêrtsəfsɲǽ |
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8. vjɑ́d |
28. nêrtsəvjɑ́d |
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9. ŋɡə́d |
29. nêrtsəvɡə̂d |
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10. sɣîd/ə̂d |
30. xsə̂mtsə |
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11. sɣævrǽɣ |
40. vdə̂tsə |
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12. sɣæmnæ̂ɣ |
50. mŋêtsə |
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13. sɣæfsə́m |
60. xtɕêɣtsə |
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14. sɣevdə́ |
70. sɲêtsə |
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15. sɣæmŋɑ́d |
80. vjêtsə |
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16. sɣefxtɕéɣ |
90. ŋɡə̂tsə |
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17. sɣæfsɲǽ |
100. ʁvrjî |
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18. sɣævjɑ́d |
200. ɣnæ̂ʁvrjî |
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19. sɣevɡə̂d |
1000. stoŋtsô ræ̂/ɣ |
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20. nêrtsə |
2000. stoŋtsô ɣnæ̂/ɣ |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Miss Yulha Lhawa, Native speaker of Khroskyabs and Master student in computational linguistics at the University of Washington, USA. August 2, 2023. 提供资料的语言学家: Miss Yulha Lhawa, 2023 年 8 月 2 日. |
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Other comments: Khroskyabs (formerly called Lavrung) has a decimal system. Khroskyabs speaking area, Rangtang County, in Rngaba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. (by Thomas Pellard 2016) Today, linguists refer to the language spoken in this region as Khroskyabs, named after the old tribe of the region. This name is user-friendly and comprehensive for both linguists and the speakers: yet, all other salient names of the language should be taken into account when cataloging it (Chen & Campbell 2018). The speakers themselves refer to the language as rongskad which means ‘farmer’s talk’, or ‘valley talk’ as opposed to the nomadic language, Amdo Tibetan, spoken in the mountains. 2.2 Language overview Khroskyabs is a rGyalrongic language that belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Based on shared phonological and morphological innovations, Lai (2017) claims there are two main branches: Core Khroskyabs dialects and Njorogs (业隆话). Core Khroskyabs consists of Phosul (Puxi 蒲西), Siyuewu (斯跃武),Wobzi (Ere 俄热), ’Brongrdzong (Muerzong 木尔宗), Guanyinqiao (观音桥), and Njorogs is ’Jorogs (Yelong 业隆). In Ethnologue, Khroskyabs is referred as Guanyinqiao after a town in western Sichuan where one dialect of the language is spoken. There are only three linguistic descriptions of this language, and none of them are based on the Siyuewu dialect that I work with, spoken in Siyuewu Village. Lai Yunfan (2017) wrote a doctoral dissertation about the Wobzi dialect of Khroskyabs in French. Huang Bufan (2003) wrote a grammar of the Guanyinqiao ⁴The names of the dialects are based on the names of the place, whether that is a village or a town. Language Documentation & Conservation Vol. 13, 2019 Language revitalization, video, and mobile social media: A case study from the Khroskyabs… 567 dialect of Khroskyabs.⁵ YinWeibin尹蔚彬 (2007) wrote a grammar of another dialect of Khroskyabs called Yelong. |
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Language name and locationː Khroskyabs (Guanyinqiao), China [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. ræ̂ɣ |
21. nêrtsəvrǽɣ |
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2. ɣnæ̂ɣ |
22. nêrtsəmnæ̂ɣ |
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3. xsə̂m |
23. nêrtsəfsə́m |
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4. vdə̂ |
24. nêrtsəvdə́ |
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5. mŋɑ́d |
25. nêrtsəmŋɑ́d |
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6. xtɕéɣ |
26. nêrtsəfxtɕéɣ |
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7. sɲæ̂ |
27. nêrtsəfsɲǽ |
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8. vjɑ́d |
28. nêrtsəvjɑ́d |
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9. ŋɡə́d |
29. nêrtsəvɡə̂d |
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10. sjə̂d |
30. xsə̂mtsə |
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11. sjævrǽɣ |
40. vdə̂tsə |
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12. sjæmnæ̂ɣ |
50. mŋêtsə |
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13. sjæfsə́m |
60. xtɕêɣtsə |
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14. sjevdə́ |
70. sɲêɣtsə |
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15. sjæmŋɑ́d |
80. vjêtsə |
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16. sjefxtɕéɣ |
90. ŋɡə̂tsə |
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17. sjæfsɲǽ |
100. ʁvrjî |
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18. sjævjɑ́d |
200. ɣnæ̂ʁvrji |
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19. sjevɡə̂d |
1000. stuŋtsô |
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20. nêrtsə |
2000. ɣnæ̂stuŋtso |
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Linguist providing data and dateː
Dr. Yunfan Lai,
Max Planck Institute
for the Science of Human history,
提供资料的语言学家: 赖云帆博士 (德国耶拿市马克斯普朗克学会人类历史科学研究所), 2019 年 6 月 1 日. 赖云帆博士个人研究网站 |
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Other comments: Khroskyabs (formerly called Lavrung) has a decimal system. The above data is taken from Siyuewu dialect spoken in Guanyinqiao township. 俄热话係中国四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州金川县观音桥镇俄热话乡嘅藏民所讲嘅语言。佢係嘉绒语组绰斯甲语嘅一种方言（黄布凡2001, 孙天心2000）。 根据黄布凡先生2007年嘅研究，俄热话有大约2500人讲。虽然呢种语言喺严格意义上唔係一种濒危语言，不过佢好脆弱，而且有关佢嘅描述少之又少。俄热话有好多好有趣嘅音系学同埋形态方面嘅特点. |
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Language name and locationː Lavrung (Guanyinqiao), China [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. rɑɣ⁵³ / ə⁵⁵ |
21. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vrɑɣ⁵⁵ |
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2. ɣna⁵³ |
22. na⁵⁵ sə³³ mnɛ⁵³ |
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3. xsəm⁵³ / xso⁵³ |
23. na⁵⁵ sə³³ fsəm⁵⁵ |
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4. vdə⁵⁵ |
24. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vdə⁵⁵ |
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5. mŋa⁵⁵ |
25. na⁵⁵ sə³³ mŋa⁵⁵ |
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6. xtɕu⁵⁵ |
26. na⁵⁵ sə³³ ftɕu⁵⁵ |
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7. sȵi⁵⁵ |
27. na⁵⁵ sə³³ fsȵis⁵³ |
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8. vja⁵⁵ |
28. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vja⁵⁵ |
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9. ŋɡə⁵³ |
29. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vŋɡə⁵³ |
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10. sɣə⁵³ |
30. xsəm⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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11. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) vrɑɣ⁵⁵ |
40. vdə⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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12. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) mna⁵³ |
50. mŋɛ⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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13. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) fsəm⁵⁵ |
60. xtɕu⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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14. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) vdə⁵⁵ |
70. sȵɑɣ⁵⁵sə³³ (/ tsə³³ ) |
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15. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) mŋa⁵⁵ |
80. vjɛ⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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16. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) ftɕu⁵⁵ |
90. ŋɡə⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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17. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) fsȵi⁵³ |
100. vrji⁵³ |
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18. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) vja⁵⁵ |
200. |
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19. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ³³) vŋɡə⁵³ |
1000. stuŋ³³ tso⁵³ |
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20. na⁵⁵ sə³³ |
2000. |
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Linguist providing data and dateː
Dr. Yin Weibin,
提供资料的语言学家: 尹蔚彬博士 (中国社科院民族研究所), 2013 年 11 月 21 日. |
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Other comments: Lavrung has a decimal system. The above data is taken from Guanyinqiao dialect. |
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Language name and locationː Lavrung (Guanyinqiao), China [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. rək⁵⁵ |
21. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vrɑɣ⁵⁵ |
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2. ɣnes⁵³ |
22. na⁵⁵ sə³³ mnɛ⁵³ |
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3. xsom⁵³ |
23. na⁵⁵ sə³³ fsəm⁵⁵ |
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4. vdi⁵⁵ |
24. na⁵⁵ sə³³ vdə⁵⁵ |
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5. mŋa⁵⁵ |
25. na⁵⁵ sə³³ mŋa⁵⁵ |
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6. xtɕok⁵⁵ |
26. na⁵⁵ sə³³ ftɕu⁵⁵ |
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7. χsȵeˀs⁵³ |
27. na⁵⁵ sə³³ χsȵeˀs⁵³ |
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8. ʁvjat⁵³ |
28. na⁵⁵ sə³³ ʁvjat⁵³ |
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9. ŋɡu⁵⁵ |
29. na⁵⁵ sə³³ ŋɡu⁵⁵ |
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10. sɣi⁵⁵ |
30. xsom⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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11. sje³³ vrək⁵⁵ |
40. vdi⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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12. sje³³ mna⁵³ |
50. mŋa⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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13. sje³³ fsəm⁵⁵ |
60. xtɕok⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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14. sje³³ vdə⁵⁵ |
70. χsȵeˀs⁵³ tsə³³ |
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15. sje³³ mŋa⁵⁵ |
80. ʁvjat⁵³ tsə³³ |
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16. sje³³ ftɕu⁵⁵ |
90. ŋɡə⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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17. sje³³ χsȵeˀs⁵³ |
100. vrji⁵³ |
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18. sje³³ ʁvjat⁵³ |
200. |
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19. sje³³ ŋɡu⁵⁵ |
1000. stuŋ³³ tso⁵³ |
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20. nei⁵⁵ sə³³ |
2000. |
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Linguist providing data and dateː
Dr. Yin Weibin,
提供资料的语言学家: 尹蔚彬博士 (中国社科院民族研究所), 2013 年 11 月 21 日. |
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Other comments:
Lavrung has a
decimal system. The
above data is taken from
Yelong dialect,
this language is a seriuosly endagred language with only 500 speaker.
Related link: http://iea.cass.cn/deptstaff-81.htm |
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Language name and locationː Guanyinqiao (Lavrung), China [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. mɤ⁵³ / ə⁵⁵ |
21. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ vrɑɣ⁵⁵ |
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2. ɣnɛ⁵³ |
22. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ mnɛ⁵³ |
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3. xsəm⁵³ / xsəm⁵³ |
23. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ fsəm⁵⁵ |
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4. vdə⁵⁵ |
24. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ vdə⁵⁵ |
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5. mŋa⁵⁵ |
25. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ mŋa⁵⁵ |
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6. xtɕu⁵⁵ |
26. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ ftɕu⁵⁵ |
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7. sȵis⁵⁵ |
27. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ fȵis⁵³ |
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8. vja⁵⁵ |
28. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ vja⁵⁵ |
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9. ŋɡə⁵³ |
29. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ ŋɡə⁵³ |
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10. sɣə⁵³ |
30. xsəm⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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11. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) vrɑɣ⁵⁵ |
40. vdə⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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12. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) mnɛ⁵³ |
50. mŋɛ⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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13. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) fsəm⁵⁵ |
60. xtɕɑu⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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14. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) vdə⁵⁵ |
70. sȵɑu⁵⁵sə³³ |
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15. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) mŋa⁵⁵ |
80. vrjɛ⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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16. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) ftɕu⁵⁵ |
90. ŋɡə⁵⁵ tsə³³ |
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17. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) fsȵis⁵³ |
100. vrji⁵³ |
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18. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) vja⁵⁵ |
200. |
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19. sɣɛ⁵⁵ (/sjɛ⁵⁵) ŋɡə⁵³ |
1000. stuŋ³³ tso⁵³ |
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20. nɛ⁵⁵ sə³³ |
2000. |
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Linguist providing data and dateː
Dr. Guillaume Jacques,
Centre de
Recherches Linguistiques sur l’Asie Orientale (CRLAO) /
Université Paris V,
Paris
Descartes, France.
September 13, 提供资料的语言学家: 向柏霖博士 (巴黎第五大学), 2008 年 9 月 13 日. |
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Other comments: Lavrung has a decimal system. Lavrung is a tonal language. |
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