Language name and locationː Jamamadí, Amazonas state, Brazil [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 哈马马迪语, 巴西西北部亚马逊州巴纳瓦河流域热带雨林

1. ohari (masculine), ohare ( feminine )

2. fame ( masculine), fama ( feminine ), fami

3. fama one oharini ( fem.)  ( 2+1 ) / fama owa oharine ( masculine )

4. fama one famamaki  ( 2+2 )

5. ai yehe kahara nima  (lit: ''one hand like'')

10. ai yehe kahara nima  (lit: ''two hands like'')

20. ai yehe kafame, ai teme kafamamaki nima nane *

Linguist providing data and dateː Mrs. Ernie W. Buller, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Brazil, April 3, 1991.

提供资料的语言学家: Mrs. Ernie W. Buller, 1991 年 4 月 3 日.

Other comments: Jamamadi or Yamamadí, Yamamandi is spoken with about 790 speakers, included: 100 Banawá, 450 Jamamadí, 230 Jarawara, 100 Banawá Yafí, in

7 villages; Banawá river area and scatter in Jaruara; Lábrea municipality, Amazonas state. Jamamadi, like other Arauan languages, only use one, two and many. If an exact numbers is needed (and this is usually only in a foreign context ), they use Portuguese numbers or hand demonstrations. The above data was from Jamamadi dialect.

Language name and locationː Jamamadí, Amazonas state, Brazil [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 哈马马迪语 (巴纳瓦方言 Banawá), 巴西西北部亚马逊州巴纳瓦河流域热带雨林

1. owaria / damara

2. fama

3. fama one owaria  (2+1) / tresi towa  ( < Portuguese 'tres' )

4. famabisa famabisa  (2+2) / kwato  towa  ( < Portuguese 'quarto' )

5. ee yee kadamara  (lit: ''one hand'' ) / siko  towa  ( < Portuguese 'cinco' )

6. ee yee kadamara one owarima /  sei towa  ( < Portuguese 'seis' )

7. ee yee kadamara one famama / sete  towa  ( < Portuguese 'sete' )

8.                                            / oito towa  towa  ( < Portuguese 'oito' )

9.                                            / ofi towa  towa  ( < Portuguese 'nove' )

10. ee yee kafama  /  dei towa  ( < Portuguese 'deis' )

Linguist providing data and dateː Mrs. Ernie W. Buller, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Brazil, February 15, 1995.

提供资料的语言学家: Mrs. Ernie W. Buller, 1995 年 2 月 15 日.

Other comments: The above data is from Banawá dialect of Jarawara language. The basic counting system of the Banawá is really just 'one, two, many'. The borrowed forms are very often used for the other numerals, except for five and ten, which are literally 'one of our hands, and two of our hands', respectively. They could contrive forms for 8 and 9, but they generally use the borrowed forms. It is very questionable if they have any real concept of the larger numbers, such as 'one thousand, two thousand,' but they began to see their language in written form, are increasing in number and growing in self-respect and in language use and pride.

Language name and locationː Jaruára, Amazonas state, Brazil [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 雅拉瓦拉语 (Jarawara), 巴西

Language name and locationː Jamamadí, Amazonas state, Brazil [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 哈马马迪语, 巴西西北部亚马逊州巴纳瓦河流域热带雨林

1. ohari

2. ɸama  

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Alan Vogel, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Brazil, December 16, 2008.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Alan Vogel, 2008 年 12 月 16 日.

Other comments: The above data is from Jaruára dialect of Jarawara language. Jarawara is spoken by about 190 people living on a reservation in the municipality of Lábrea, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Jarawara is mutually intelligible with Jamamadi and Banawá, so that the three can be considered dialects of a single language (Dixon 2004). The Jarawara words in what follows are orthographic, but where necessary I provide phonetic information. There are only really two numbers in Jarawara, ohari 'one' and fama [ɸama] 'two'. These are verbs, so the meanings are more precisely 'be one' and 'be two', respectively. Ohari also has a more general meaning, which is 'be alone/be the only one'. Examples with these can be found in the online Jarawara dictionary (Vogel 2006). There was a traditional way of expressing quantities beyond two that involved combinations of one and two and the word for 'hand' for five, but this system is hardly used nowadays. Mostly people use Portuguese numbers for anything above two. The Portuguese words are assimilated into Jarawara in two ways. For lower numbers, the Portuguese numbers become verbs in Jarawara, with the addition of the auxiliary na (many Jarawara verbs require this auxiliary). For higher numbers, the Portuguese numbers become adjectives in Jarawara. As for the traditional way of counting, the following sentence from a traditional story is an example of how it can be used.