Language name and location: Bunan, Himachal Pradesh, India [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 布南语 (加赫里语 Gahri), 印度北部喜马偕尔邦

1. tiki

21.  nidza=ki tiki / (niɕu)tsaktɕik (Tibetan)

2. niskiŋ / nispi

22.  nidza=ki niskiŋ / (niɕu)tsakni (T)

3. sumi

23.  nidza=ki sumi / (niɕu)tsaksum (T)

4. pi:

24.  nidza=ki pi: / (niɕu)tsapdʑi (T)

5. ŋaj

25.  nidza=ki ŋaj / (niɕu)tsaŋa (T)

6. truj

26.  nidza=ki truj / (niɕu)tsaɖuk (T)

7. ŋidʑi

27.  nidza=ki ŋidʑi / (niɕu)tsapdun (T)

8. ɡej

28.  nidza=ki ɡej / (niɕu)tsapɡjat (T)

9. ɡu

29.  nidza=ki ɡu / (niɕu)tsarɡu (T)

10. tɕuj

30.  nidza=ki tɕuj (20+10) /sumtɕu (T)

11. tɕutik

40.  niskiŋ nidza (2 x 20) /dʑiptɕu (Tibetan)

12. tɕunis

50.  niskiŋ nidza=ki tɕuj / ŋaptɕu (T.)

13. tɕusum

60.  sum nidza (3 x 20) / ɖuktɕu (Tibetan)

14. tɕupi

70.  sum nidza=ki tɕuj  / duntɕu (Tibetan)

15. tɕwaŋ

80.  piː nidza (4 x 20) /  ɡjatɕu (Tibetan)

16. tɕusdruk 

90.  piː nidza=ki tɕuj  / ɡuptɕu (Tibetan)

17. tɕurnis

100. ɡja (Tibetan), 200. nipɡja (Tibetan)

18. tɕopɡjat

400. dʑipɡja (T), 800. ɡejɡja (Tibetan)

19. tɕurɡu

1000. toŋ (Tibetan) 

20. nidza ~ nidzaj / niɕu (Tibetan)

2000. niskiŋ toŋ

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Manuel Widmer, Universität Bern, Swaziland, May 15, 2022.

Reference source: Widmer, Manuel. 2014. A descriptive grammar of Bunan. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Bern.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Manuel Widmer, 2022 年 3 月 15 日.

Other comments: Bunan or Gahri has a traditional vigesimal system. However,

the vigesimal system is rarely used in everyday life. Usually, speakers only use the traditional Bunan numeral system to count up to twenty. For higher numbers, they prefer to use the Tibetan numeral system, and occasionally, they use Tibetan numbers to count amounts lower than twenty as well. The Tibetan numbers from “one” to “twenty”. Note that there are two forms for the number “two”. The form niskiŋ is used with non-animate referents, whereas the form nispi is restricted to animate referents. The number “twenty” is both attested as nidza and nidzaj in my data. The variant with the final glide /j/ likely represents the genitive clitic =ki. The genitive marker is commonly attached to the numeral to form numbers higher than twenty

   The numbers “twenty” through “forty” and the decimal numbers “forty” through “one hundred”. As the data illustrate, numbers between “twenty” and “ninety-nine” follow a vigesimal system. This means that amounts are counted in groups of twenty rather than ten. For example, the number for “thirty”, nidza=ki tɕuj, literally translates into English as “ten of twenty”, whereas the number for “forty”, niskiŋ nidza, has the literal meaning “two twenties”. The number “ninety-five” is expressed as piː nidza=ki tɕwaŋ (lit. “fifteen of four twenties”).

Language name and location: Gahri, Himachal Pradesh, India [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 加赫里语 (布南语 Bunan), 印度北部喜马偕尔邦

1. tiki

21.  ŋizai tiki

2. niskiŋ

22.  ŋizai niskiŋ

3. sumi

23.  ŋizai sumi

4. pi

24.  ŋizai pi

5. ŋaj

25.  ŋizai ŋaj

6. truj

26.  ŋizai truj

7. ŋidʑi

27.  ŋizai ŋidʑi

8. ɡei

28.  ŋizai ɡei

9. ɡù

29.  ŋizai ɡù

10. tɕuj

30.  ŋizai tɕuj (20 + 10) / sumtɕù

11. tɕutiɡ

40.  ziptɕù  / ɲisa / niskiŋ ŋiza ( 2 x 20 )

12. tɕunis

50.  nissəi tɕuj

13. tɕusum

60.  s̩um ŋiza (3 x 20) / duktɕù

14. tɕupi

70.  s̩um ŋizai tɕuj / duntɕù

15. tɕuaŋ

80.  pi ŋiza  (4 x 20) / ɡjatɕù

16. tɕuzdruɡ

90.  pi ŋizai tɕuj / ɡuptɕù

17. tɕurnis

100. ŋa ŋiza (5 x 20) / ɡjà

18. tɕobɡjad

200. niskiŋ ɡjà

19. tɕurɡù

1000. tɔŋ

20. ŋiza

2000. niskiŋ tɔŋ

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Suhnu Ram Sharma, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, India, January 7, 1993.

提供资料的语言学家: Prof. Suhnu Ram Sharma, 1993 年 1 月 7 日.

Other comments: Gahri or Bunan has a vigesimal system. Gahri is spoken in Himachal Pradesh state, some villages in Gahr Valley along Bhaga river from confluence with the Chandra and upstream.

Note: c = IPA [tɕ], ʒ =iPA [dʑ], y = IPA [j].

Bunan is a tonal language, < v̀ > is a falling tone.