|
Language
name and locationː Caquinte,
Cusco and Junin,
Peru [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
|
1. aparo [apaɾo] |
|
2. mavite [maβite] |
|
3. mavitetapojátsica [maβitetapohatsika] |
| 4. ɡuijatapójiroca [ɡihatapohiɾoka] |
| 5. teroncapoja [teɾoŋɡapoha] |
|
Linguist providing data and dateː
Dr. Zachary J. O'Hagan, Department of
Linguistics at Berkeley,
under Prof. Lev Michael,
University of California at Berkeley, USA.
September 15, 2011. |
|
Other comments: Caquinte or Kakinte, Aguenquetsatsare is spoken by approximately 440 speakers in Cusco and Junin regions: Picha, Poyeni, and Mayapo rivers, upper Poyeni river, Peru. Caquinte or Kakinte numeral system might be very simple. According to Kakinte informants, there are only numbers for 1-5, and nothing at all beyond 5. Because my work on Kakinte was so limited, I can make no claims re: morphological complexity, etymology or the like. Also, this data comes from one speaker, and I consider it tentative, subject to future research -- so please use it at your discretion given those considerations. Regarding the spelling of the language, there is some debate about whether the language should be spelt Kakinte or Caquinte, the latter being a Spanish-based spelling. The nearby related language of Matsigenka employs orthographic <k> in its orthography, but Kakinte leaders indicate that they disprefer the use of <k> in the name of the language, preferring instead the spelling <Caquinte>. However, they like <k> in the spelling of the community name Kitepámpani. It is my impression that most feelings about orthography stem from that used in the translation of the Bible into Kakinte by SIL linguist Kenneth Swift. However, it is unknown to me if community members were involved in the decision-making process that brought about that orthography. I summarize this in order to say, please use either spelling at your discretion. For the time being I am personally employing the spelling <Kakinte> (with its various ramifications throughout the language), as it is a more "economical" (i.e., requires fewer graphemes) orthography. |
|
Language
name and locationː Caquinte,
Cusco and Junin,
Peru [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
|
1. aparo [apaɾo] |
|
2. mavite [maβite] |
|
3. mavitetapojátsica [maβitetapohatsika] |
| 4. ɡuijatapójiroca [ɡihatapohiɾoka] |
| 5. teroncapoja [teɾoŋɡapoha] |
|
Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Ken Swift, SIL
International, Peru, September 22 |
|
Other comments: Caquinte or Kakinte, Aguenquetsatsare is spoken by approximately 440 speakers in Cusco and Junin regions, Peru. The Caquinte numeral system really only consists of one (aparo) and two (mavite). Anything given for numbers higher than that varies depending upon the person and the occasion. Most often, for example when asked how many children they have, a person will hold out their right hand, palm up with their fingers extended, and beginning with the little finger will use the other hand to bring the finger to the palm, saying something like, “There is this one, and this one, and this one….” and finishing with “...there are many” (chooca oshequi). If they have more than five, they continue the process on the left hand. For the number three, sometimes I have been given “otsipatapojaque” or “otsipatapojatsica” meaning basically something like “it’s another one”. Once or twice I have heard “mavitetapojatsica” after “mavite”. The word listed below for four, “guijatapojiroca”, means “the one that follows it”. “Teroncapoja” means “it is finished”, i.e. those are all the fingers on one hand. Other words sometimes used for five: apapacoro / apavacoro ”one hand” teroncavacotanaca “one hand is finished”. The Caquintes apparently had no need to develop a precise numbering system since they had no commerce and no money. They lived by gardening, hunting and fishing, as most still do. Since having contact with non-Caquintes and wanting to go to school, they have adopted the Spanish numbers, but often prefer to alter the pronunciation to better fit their own phonology. Those with more contact with Spanish use the Spanish pronunciation. My wife and I began studying the Caquinte language in 1976 at the invitation of those who founded what is now the village of Kitepampani (Quitepampani). A few of the people had learned basic reading and writing in the Matsigenka schools and were tentatively using the Matsigenka orthography for their own language, but requested an orthography that was more like Spanish, saying that it would make it easier for the children to learn Spanish. For syllables that sound the same or very similar in Spanish and Caquinte, they wanted to be able to write them the same way in both languages. The Peruvian Ministry of Education approved the orthography and a number of primers and other books were published. Using c/qu instead of k, is of course is a bit less “economical”, but most have been happy with their choice and have been using it successfully for more than 30 years. There are some now who want to change the orthography and are planning meetings to discuss the issue again. |
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