Language name and locationː Buwal, Far North region, Cameroon [Ref to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 布瓦尔语, 喀麦隆最北部极北区

 

1. tɛ́ŋɡʷʊ̄lɛ̀ŋ

21.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ tɛ́ŋɡʷʊ̄lɛ̀ŋ

2. ɡ͡bɑ́k

22.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ ɡ͡bɑ́k

3. mɑ̄xkɑ́t̚

23.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ mɑ̄xkɑ́t̚

4. ŋ̀fɑ́t̚

24.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀fɑ́t̚

5. dzɑ̄ɓɑ́n

25.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ̄ɓɑ́n

6. ŋ̀ʷkʷɑ́x

26.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀ʷkʷɑ́x

7. ŋ̀ʃɪ́lɛ́t̚

27.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀ʃɪ́lɛ́t̚

8. dzɑ̄mɑ̄xkɑ̄t̚ (5 + 3)

28.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ̄mɑ̄xkɑ̄t̚

9. dzɑ́fɑ́t̚        (5 + 4)

29.  rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ́fɑ́t̚ 

10. wɑ́m

30.  rɑ́mɑ̄xkɑ́t̚

11. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ tɛ́ŋɡʷʊ̄lɛ̀ŋ

40.  rɑ̄ŋfɑ́t̚

12. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ ɡ͡bɑ́k

50.  rɑ̄dzɑ̄ɓɑ́n

13. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ mɑ̄xkɑ́t̚

60.  rōŋʷkʷɑ́x

14. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀fɑ́t̚

70.  rɛ̄ŋʃɪ̄lɛ́t̚

15. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ̄ɓɑ́n

80.  rɑ̄dzɑ́mɑ̄xkɑ́t̚

16. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀ʷkʷɑ́x

90.  rɑ̄dzɑ́fɑ́t̚

17. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ ŋ̀ʃɪ́lɛ́t̚

100. tɛ́mɛ́ɾɛ̀ < Fulfulde loan 

18. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ̄mɑ̄xkɑ̄t̚

200. tɛ́mɛ́ɾɛ̀ ɡ͡bɑ́k

19. wɑ́m ɑ́hɑ̄ dzɑ́fɑ́t̚ 

1000. blòkʷ <Fulfulde loan

20. rɑ̄ɡ͡bɑ́k

2000. blòkʷ ɡ͡bɑ́k

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Michael Viljoen & Dr. Melanie Viljoen, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Cameroun, March 9, 2007. Dr. Melanie Viljoen. Department of Linguistics, La Trobe University, Australia.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Michael Viljoen & Dr. Melanie Viljoen 2007 年 3 月 9 日.

Dr. Melanie Viljoen, 2010 年 4 月 10 日.

 

Other comments: Buwal has a decimal system of counting. The old number '100'

'ŋkɑn pɑl' is lesser common than Fulfulde loan 'tɛmɛɾɛ'.

Buwal is a Chadic language spoken in the Far North Region of Cameroon, Africa. There
are approximately 10 000 speakers of this language.

Buwal Consonant Chart:

 

 

Labial

Alveolar

Post-Alveolar.

Palatal

Velar

Labialised-Velar

Labial-Velar

Plosives

p, b

 t, d

  

 

 k, ɡ

kʷ, ɡʷ

kp, ɡb

Plosives, prenasalised

  ᵐb

    ⁿd

    

ᵑɡ

   ᵑɡʷ

ᵑᵐɡb

Implosives

   ɓ

ɗ 

  

 

  

 

 

Fricatives

  f, v

   s, z

  ʃ, ʒ

 

 x, ɣ

   x, ɣʷ

  

Affricates

 

t͡s, d͡z

t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ

 

  

 

 

Affricates, prenasalised

  

  ⁿd͡z

  ⁿd͡ʒ

        

Nasals

m

 n

 

 

  ŋ

 ŋʷ

 

Laterals

 

 

l

 

  

 

 

Laterals,

fricative-voiceless,voiced

    

ɬ, ɮ

        

Trill

   

    r

        

Glides

 

 

 

 j

 

 w

 

Buwal Vowel Chart:

 

Front

Unrounded / Rounded

Back

Unrounded / Rounded

'Epenthetic'

i/ɪ, ʏ

ə, u/ʊ

Full

e/ ɛ, œ

ɑ, o/ɔ

Note thatː  ʏ is rounded 'Epenthetic' front vowel; u/ʊ are rounded 'Epenthetic' back vowels; œ is a rounded full front vowel; o/ɔ are rounded full back vowels. 

Buwal has three underlying level tones, low (L), mid (M) and high (H).

 

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