Language name and locationː Boruca, Puntarenas, Costa Rica [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区博鲁卡语, 哥斯达黎加西部蓬塔雷纳斯省布宜诺斯艾利斯地区

 

1. éʔtsè ( for some speakers), / éʔtsi (for others )

2. búʔk

3. máŋ

4. báxkàŋ

5. ʃɪʃkáŋ

6. téʃàŋ

7. kúx

8. éxtàŋ (for some speakers), kúxtàŋ (for others). Previous sources giveː osh-tan

    (Gabb), uh'tɑng (pittier), uj tan (Thiel), ujtɑn (Valentini )

9. éxkùx.

10. téxkùx

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Adolfo Constenla-Umaña, University of Costa Rica, Republic of Costa Rica, October 4, 2009.

供资料的语言学家: Prof. Adolfo Constenla-Umaña, 2009 年 10 月 4 日.

 

Other comments: Boruca (traditional name in Spanish) Brunca (alternative name in Spanish from/ bɾúŋkàxk/ 'Boruca' (the main Boruca town), /dì/ tégàt/ (the name in Boruca languageː 'our speech'; /dì/'first person plural', /tégàt / 'speech'), is an extinct language once spoken in Buenos Aires canton, Puntarenas province, Costa Rica, Central America. The last fluent speakers died during the first year of this century. 8 was the highest number collected by sources previous to the book Leyendas y tradiciones borucas (1979) Adolfo Constenla Umaña and Espíritu S. Maroto Rojas. 10 is the highest numeral Constenla Umaña and subsequent researchers were able to collect from informants. Nevertheless,  Miguel A. Quesada Pacheco and Carmen Rojas Chaves in their Diccionario boruca-español, español-boruca (1999) report two numbers higher than 10 they found among other data  in a notebook which belonged to Espíritu S. Maroto Rojas (who died in 1981): 12 búc cújc 13 for which two forms are givenː mán̈ cújc and óshtan̈. The sources previous to 1979 pointed out that for numbers higher than 8 either Spanish ora mixture of Spanish and Boruca was used. Víctor Arroyo Soto in his book Lenguas indígenas costarricenses (1966) said that for ten and higher numbers some Boruca speakers used the Spanish word mano 'hand' preceded by a Boruca number: bu mano (he wrote it this way) 'two hand' (=10).  The same author said that some speakers used the Spanish word docena  'dozen' preceded by a Boruca number: e et se docena '1 dozen', bu docena '2 dozen', etc. Unfortunately, it seems there is no more information on the Boruca numeral system.
The phonemic system of Boruca includes the following: Consonants: /t/, /k/, /
ʔ
/, /b/, /d/, /g/, /ts/ (voiceless alveolar affricate), /tʃ (voiceless palato-alveolar affricate), /dʒ/ (voiced palato-alveolar affricate),  /s/, /ʃ/, /x/, /ɾ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/. Vowels: /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/. Tones: /`/ low, /´/ high.


Language name and locationː Boruca, Costa Rica [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区博鲁卡语, 哥斯达黎加

 

1. éʔtse / éʔtsi

2. bʊ́ʔk

3. maŋ

4. báxkaŋ

5. ʃiʃkáŋ

6. téʃaŋ

7. kʊ́x

8. éxtaŋ

9. téxkʊx

10. kɾóʃtaŋ

11. 11 up from Spanish

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Miguel Angel Quesada, Department of Linguistics, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica, August 2, 1995.

供资料的语言学家: Prof. Miguel Angel Quesada, 1995 年 8 月 2 日.

 

Other comments: Boruca only retained traditional numerals from 1 to 10, now they count Spanish from 11 on.


Back >>  [ Home ] >> [ Chibchan ] >> [ Maipurean ] >> [ Cariban ] >> [ Quechuan ] >> [ Tupian ] >>
[ Tucanoan ] >> [ Panoan]  >> [ Other South American Languages ] >>
[ Language isolate ] >> [ Unclassified languages ]