Language name and locationː Ashéninka Perené, Peru [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 佩勒内-阿舍宁卡语, 秘鲁中部安第斯山脉东面佩雷内河流域上段阿尔蒂普拉诺高原胡宁大区

1. aparoni, aparoni-apani

2. apite

3. mava

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Elena Mihas, Department of Linguistics, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA through Ms. Anna Luisa Daigneault, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montréal, Canada and Ms Nila Vigil. February 13, 2011, August 1, 2011.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Elena Mihas, 2011 年 2 月 13 日, 2011 年 8 月 1 日.

Other comments: Ashéninka Perené or Perené Ashéninca is spoken by approximately 300 speakers out of 5,500 ethnic population in Junin region: upper Perené river, Peru.

Ashéninka Perené has three basic numbers: aparoni ‘one’, apite ‘two’, and mava ‘three’. Speakers usually use Spanish for numerals higher than three; there is a lot of intra-dialect variation in higher numbers, pretty much each speaker has his/her own numeral system. Some speakers insist that the only authentic numbers are the first three cardinal numbers; the rest has been made up by the local educational authorities. In general, numerals bigger than ‘three’ do not occur in natural discourse. Instead, Spanish loans are used, especially, when referring to money. In the past, as speakers point out, quantifiers such as osheki ‘many’ and pashini ‘[some] others’ were used for numbers above ‘three’.

Some brief explanations of the etymology of numerals:

4 apiteta or apite(ka)vakaye 'four'is derived from apite 'two' and the meaning of the
   numeral is 'twice two' according to language consultants

5 apapakoroni 'five' is derived from the truncated root apa 'one' and ako 'hand' the

   composite meaning of 'five' is 'one hand'

6 oiha is the verb root 'to follow' shint(s)a is the verb root 'be/string together'

7 shirink-ap-aincha-ri is a nominalization derived from the verb root shirink 'ecrease'

8 ocho is a loan from Spanish; pasini is an adjective 'other'

   Numerals elicited from the speaker from San Miguel are not autochthonous to the

   Perené area; these are numerals from the adjacent Ashaninka variety; of the variety

   spoken along the rivers Ene-Tambo.

    Many speakers emphasize that only the first three numerals (1-3) are authentic,

   'legitimate' native items. The rest is the vocabulary invented by anonymous

    well-wishers.