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Language name and locationː Amarakaeri, Madre de Dios, Peru [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. 'nɔŋtʃiⁿda |
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2. 'ᵐbɔttaʔ |
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3. 'ᵐbapaʔ |
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4. 'ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ ( 2+2 ) |
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5. wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ |
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6. 'nɔŋᵐbajɔ eʔ'aɪwa |
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7. 'nɔŋᵐbajɔ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbapih eʔ'aɪwa |
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8. 'nɔŋᵐbajɔ 'ᵐbapaʔ 'ᵐbapih eʔ'aɪwa |
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9. 'nɔŋᵐbajɔ ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbapih eʔ'aɪwa |
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10.'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐbaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ |
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11.'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐbaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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12.'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐbaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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13. 'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐbaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'ᵐbapaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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14. 'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐbaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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15. 'ᵐbɔt̚ᵐba wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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16. ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'waʔi wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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17. ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'waʔi 'ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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18. ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'waʔi 'ᵐbapaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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19. ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ᵐbaʔneŋ 'waʔi 'ᵐbɔttaʔ 'ᵐbɔttaʔ wa'ʔipih eʔ'aɪwa |
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20. 'ᵐbɔt̚'ᵐbaʔneŋ |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. An Van Linden, Postdoctoral research fellow,
Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) - University of Leuven,
Department of Linguistics 提供资料的语言学家: Dr. An Van Linden, 2013 年 8 月 8 日, 2013 年 8 月 23 . |
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Other comments: Amarakaeri or Harakmbut is spoken by approximately 1,900 speakers in Madre de Dios region: Madre de Dios and Colorado rivers, Peru. Amarakaeri dialect has a complex form of counting system up to 20, referring to hand, finger, foot and toe. No more indigenous forms for numerals above 20; Harakmbut speakers who want to express cardinally quantified NPs (above 20) use Spanish numerals (loans). Alternatively, they use indigenous wakkanda ‘many’ to indicate large quantities (above 20). When asked to count in Harakmbut, most speakers do not get further than 5, and very often not further than 3. This means that the complex forms (as of 6) are very infrequently used. (Helberg Chavez (1984: 248) reports on numerals for 1 to 5; his data are the same as what I collected, apart from 5, for which he notes mbanẽnga’ without further morphological analysis.) I got the data from a 80 year old informant, who is widely respected for his knowledge of the ancestral culture and the language. It is fair to say that the system reported here is on the verge of disappearing, being replaced by Spanish numerals. I have my doubts about the form given for 20; it might just be an allophonic variant of the form given for 10; This needs to be checked in the field. mbot-mba’-a’-neng and mbot-ta’ wa-mba’-neng seem interchangeable, but I have no systematic data for this alternation for all numerals (10 to 19) 1. nong-chi-nda other-XX-INTF ‘one’ 2. mbot-ta’ two-XX ‘two’ 3. mbapa’ three ‘three’ 4. mbot-ta’-mbot-ta’ two-XX- two-XX ‘four’ 5. wa-mba’-neng Ø-CL:hand-quantity ‘five’ 6. nong-mba-yo e’-aywa’ other-CL:hand-LOC NMLZ-cross ‘six’ 7. nong-mba-yo mbot-ta’-mba-pih e’-aywa’ other-CL:hand-LOC two-XX-CL:hand-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘seven’ (wa-mba-pih: ‘finger’) 8. nong-mba-yo mbapa’-mba-pih e’aywa’ other-CL:hand-LOC three-CL:hand-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘eight’ 9. nong-mba-yo mbot-ta’-mbot-ta’-mba-pih other-CL:hand-LOC two-XX- two-XX-CL:hand-CL:long.flexible e’aywa’ NMLZ-cross ‘nine’ 10. mbot-mba’-a’-neng two-CL:hand-XX-quantity ‘ten’ 11. mbot-mba’-a’-neng wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ two-CL:hand-XX-quantity Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘eleven’ (wa-’i-pih: ‘toe’)
12. mbot-mba’-a’-neng mbot-ta’ wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ NMLZ-cross ‘twelve’ 13. mbot-mba’-a’-neng mbapa’ wa-’i-pih two-CL:hand-XX-quantity three Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible e’-aywa’ NMLZ-cross ‘thirteen’
14. mbot-mba’-a’-neng mbot-ta’-mbot-ta’ wa-’i-pih two-CL:hand-XX-quantity e’-aywa’ NMLZ-cross ‘fourteen’ 15. mbot-mba’-a’-neng wa-mba’-neng two-CL:hand-XX-quantity Ø-CL:hand-quantity wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘fifteen’ 16. mbot-ta’ wa-mba’-neng wa-’i two-XX Ø-CL:hand-quantity Ø-CL:foot wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘sixteen’ 17. mbot-ta’ wa-mba’-neng wa-’i two-XX Ø-CL:hand-quantity Ø-CL:foot mbot-ta’ wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ two-XX Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘seventeen’ 18. mbot-ta’ wa-mba’-neng wa-’i two-XX Ø-CL:hand-quantity Ø-CL:foot mbapa’ wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ three Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘eightteen’ 19. mbot-ta’ wa-mba’-neng wa-’i two-XX Ø-CL:hand-quantity Ø-CL:foot mbot-ta’-mbot-ta’ wa-’i-pih e’-aywa’ two-XX- two-XX Ø-CL:foot-CL:long.flexible NMLZ-cross ‘nineteen’ 20. mbot-mba’-neng two-CL:hand-quantity ‘twenty’ (??) Abbreviations/symbols: CL classifier INTF intensifier NMLZ nominalizer XX unclear Ø formative root: wa- represents a semantically empty formative root that lends independent nominal status to a bound classifier, cf. the e-prefix in Kwaza (Van der Voort 2005, IJAL). References Helberg, H. 1984. Skizze einer Grammatik des Amarakaeri. PhD dissertation, Tübingen. Van der Voort, Hein. 2005. Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective. International Journal of American Linguistics 71 (4): 365-412. |
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