Yao/ Ciyawo

Language name and location: Yao, Malawi, Tanzania [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 尧语, 马拉维南部巴拉卡县和附近地区, 坦桑尼亚和莫桑比克境内

1. jimo	21. makúmí ɡávili ní jimo
2. sivili	22. makúmí ɡávili ní sivili
3. sitatu	23. makúmí ɡávili ní sitatu
4. ntʃetʃe	24. makúmí ɡávili ní ntʃetʃe
5. nsaano	25. makúmí ɡávili ní nsaano
6. nsaano ní jimo ( 5 + 1 )	26. makúmí ɡávili ní nsaano ní jimo
7. nsaano ní sivili ( 5 + 2 )	27. makúmí ɡávili ní nsaano ní sivili
8. nsaano ní sitatu ( 5 + 3 )	28. makúmí ɡávili ní nsaano ní sitatu
9. nsaano ní ntʃetʃe ( 5 + 4 )	29. makúmí ɡávili ní nsaano ní ntʃetʃe
10. likúmí límo	30. makúmí ɡátatu
11. likúmí limo ní jimo	40. makúmí ntʃetʃe
12. likúmí limo ní uidi	50. makúmí nsaano
13. likúmí limo ní sitatu	60. makúmí nsaano ní jimo
14. likúmí limo ní ntʃetʃe	70. makúmí nsaano ní ɡavili
15. likúmí limo ní nsaano	80. makúmí nsaano ní ɡatatu
16. likúmí limo ní nsaano ní jimo	90. makúmí nsaano ní ntʃetʃe
17. likúmí limo ní nsaano ní sivili	100. mia moja
18. likúmí limo ní nsaano ní sitatu	200. mia mbili
19. likúmí limo ní nsaano ní ntʃetʃe	1000. elfu moja
20. makúmí ɡávili	2000. elfu mbili

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Julius Taji, Lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania / Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea, October 24, 2013.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Julius Taji, 2013 年 10 月 24 日.

Other comments: Yao (Ciyawo) is spoken by approximately 3,728,000 speakers in

Balaka, Mangochi, and Zomba districts: bordering Mozambique, between southeast tip of Lake Kilwa and Lake Malawi, Malawi as well as Mozambique, Tanzania and
Zambia. The above data is taken from Yao dialect in Tanzania. Yao has a poor numeral system. The basic numerals are 1-5. Counting above 5 involves adding a number to 5, thus 6 is nsaano ni jimo, which literary means 'five and one'. This is a common phenomenon in many languages of southern Tanzania including Mwera and Makonde. Also, words for '100' and above are Swahili loans. I believe that this small number of numeral terms is due to the fact that traditionally the Yao did not have many things to count such as cattle. However, history shows that during colonial era they actively participated in trade with Arabs. So, I don't know how did they count the money they gained. This is worth a research topic!

Language name and location: Yao, Malawi, Tanzania [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 尧语, 马拉维南部巴拉卡县和附近地区, 及坦桑尼亚, 莫桑比克境内

1. -mo	21. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá -mo
2. -uidi	22. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá -uidi
3. -tatu	23. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá -tatu
4. ncece	24. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá ncece
5. nsaano	25. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá nsaano
6. nsaaná -mo ( 5 + 1 )	26. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá nsaaná -mo
7. nsaaná -uidi ( 5 + 2 )	27. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá nsaaná -uidi
8. nsaaná -tatu ( 5 + 3 )	28. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá nsaaná -tatu
9. nsaaná ncece ( 5 + 4 )	29. makúmí ɡáuidi kwíísá nsaaná ncece
10. diikúmí	30. makúmí ɡátatu
11. diikúmí kwíísá -mo	40. makúmí ncece
12. diikúmí kwíísá -uidi	50. makúmí nsaano
13. diikúmí kwíísá -tatu	60. makúmí nsaaná dímo
14. diikúmí kwíísá ncece	70. makúmí nsaaná ɡáuidi
15. diikúmí kwíísá nsaano	80. makúmí nsaaná ɡátatu
16. diikúmí kwíísá nsaaná -mo	90. makúmí nsaaná ncece
17. diikúmí kwíísá nsaaná -uidi	100. dicíla
18. diikúmí kwíísá nsaaná -tatu	200. maciilá ɡáuidi
19. diikúmí kwíísá nsaaná ncece	1000. maciilá diikúmí ( 100 x 10 )
20. makúmí ɡáuidi	2000. maciilá diikúmí ɡáuidi

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. Armindo Atelela Ngunga , Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, September 11, 2008.

提供资料的语言学家: Prof. Armindo Atelela Ngunga, 2008 年 9 月 11 日.

Other comments: Yao (Ciyawo) is spoken by approximately 3,728,000 speakers in

Balaka, Mangochi, and Zomba districts: bordering Mozambique, between southeast tip of Lake Kilwa and Lake Malawi, Malawi as well as Mozambique, Tanzania and
Zambia. Yao has a quinary, decimal numeral system.

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