Language name and locationː Chicahuaxtla Triqui, Mexico [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 奇卡瓦特斯拉-特里基语, 墨西哥南部瓦哈卡州特拉西亚科地区

1. ʔŋɡo¹³

21.   ko² ɲã²

2. wːi¹³

22.   ko² wːi¹³

3. wa¹ʔnɯ̃³   

23.   ko² wa¹ʔnɯ̃³

24.   ko² ɡã²ʔã³

5. ũ¹ʔũ³ʰ

25.   ko² ũ¹ʔ

6. wa³tã³ʔ

26.   ko² wa³tã³ʔ

7. t͡ʃi²h

27.   ko² t͡ʃi²h

8. tɯ̃²h

28.   ko² tɯ̃²h

9. ʔɯ̃²ᵑ

29.   ko² ʔɯ̃²ᵑ

10. t͡ʃi²ʔ

30.   ko² t͡ʃi²ʔ

11. ʃã¹

40.   wːi¹³h ʃia³     ( 2 x 20 )

12. ʃu³wi²h

50.   wːi¹³h ʃia³ t͡ʃi²ʔ

13. ʃa³ʔnɯː³h 

60.   wa¹ʔnɯ̃³h ʃi³a³ ( 3 x 20 )

14. ʃi³ɡã¹ʔã³h

70.   wa1ʔnɯ̃3h ʃia3 t͡ʃi2ʔ ( 3 x 20+10)

15. ʃi³nũ³ʔ

80.   ɡã²ʔã³ ʃia³     ( 4 x 20 )

16. ʃi³nũ³ʔ ɲã²         ( 15 + 1 )

90.   ɡã²ʔã³ ʃia³  t͡ʃi²ʔ

17. ʃi³nũ³ʔ wːi¹³       ( 15 + 2 )

100.  (ʔŋɡo¹³ ) sʲɛn̪tu³ ( < Spanish 'ciento' )

18. ʃi³nũ³ʔ wa¹ʔnɯ̃³ ( 15 + 3 )

200.  wːi¹³h sʲɛn̪tu³

19. ʃi³nũ³ʔ ɡã²ʔã³     ( 15 + 4 )

1000. mĩ⁴  ( < Spanish 'mil')

20. ko²

2000. wːi¹³h mĩ⁴ 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. A. Raymond Elliot, Professor of Spanish Linguistics, Department of Modern Languages, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA, June 5, 2013, USA, October 27, 2013.

Other comments: Chicahuaxtla Triqui (nánj nï’ïn) or Triqui Alto is spoken by approximately 4,000 speakers in Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, San José Xochistlán; Putla district, Santo Domingo del Estado, Mexico. Chicahuaxtla Triqui, like other Triqui languages, has a vigesimal number system. Numbers from 15 through 19 are formed by 15 plus 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The Chicahuaxtla Triqui words for numbers in the hundreds, thousands and in the millions are adopted from the Spanish words <ciento> [ˈs^ʝen̪.to] ‘(one) hundred’, <mil> [mil] ‘(one) thousand’ and <millón> [mi.ˈʝon], respectively.

Cardinal forms appear in pre-noun position whereas ordinal numbers are after the noun.

• The phonemes listed may occur in word-initial position with the exception of /p/, which is rare and only found in word medial position (cf. lupi [lupi] 'guajolote/turkey') and /h/, which is only found as a final syllable coda. 

•   The phonemes /p/ and /b/ (and its prenasalized conditioned variant [^mb]) are not native to Chicahuaxtla Triqui and surface only in Spanish loanwords.  Spanish loanwords beginning with <p> are frequently realized as /b/ in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, for example: <besu> [^mbe⁴suː] < ‘peso’ (< SP [ˈpe.so]); <belêtu> [ᵐbele⁴t̪uː³]  < ‘pleito’ (< SP [ˈp͡lei̯.t̪o] ‘lawsuit’ or ‘dispute’).  

•   Similar to Spanish, /b d ɡ/ in intervocalic position may be pronounced as approximants or non-fricative continuants [β ð ɣ], however, after nasals they are articulated as stops. However, this is not universal for all native speakers of Chicahuaxtla Triqui.

•    Rhotic /r/ in word initial position is most commonly pronounced as a voiced alveolar trill [r] but may also occur as a voiceless alveolar trill [r̥] or may be assibilated [rᶾ]. Some speakers pronounce word-initial /r/ as [dr] (Elliott, Sandoval Cruz & Santiago Rojas 2012). /r/ in intervocalic position may be pronounced as a voiced alveolar flap [ɾ] but may be assibilated or trilled in this environment by some speakers of the language. 

•   Chicahuaxtla Triqui has fortis-lenis contrasts in word-initial position for the following phonemes /m mː n nː ʝ ʝː w wː/. We found only one instance of the fortis voiced alveolar lateral [lː]: <ma lê’> [ma³² lːe⁴ʔ] ‘hello, sister’, a salutation used only among women.

•   Chichuaxtla Triqui has fourteen vowels: seven oral vowels /i e ɯ ə a u o/ and seven nasals vowels /ĩ ẽ ɯ̃ ə̃ ã ũ õ/. Of the nasal vowels, [ĩ ã ɯ̃ ũ] are more common whereas [ẽ ə̃ õ] are rare.  Similar to the Copala and Itunyoso Triqui variants (Hollenbach 1977; DiCanio 2010), there are no diphthongs in Chicahuaxtla Triqui. Adjacent vowels surface only in word final syllables in Chicahauxtla Triqui and are always pronounced in hiatus, each in its own syllable.

Referencesː

DiCanio, Christian Thomas. 2010. Itunyoso Trique.  Journal of the International Phonetic Association:  Illustrations of the IPA, 40.2, 227-238.  doi: 10.1017/S0025100310000034 

Elliott, A. Raymond, Fulgencio Sandoval Cruz & Felipe Santiago Rojas.  2012.  Notes from the Field: Chicahuaxtla Triqui Digital Wordlist and Preliminary Observations.  Language Documentation & Conservation  Vol. 6, pp. 208-236. 

Hollenbach, Barbara E.  1977.  Phonetic versus phonemic correspondence in two Trique dialects.  In W.R. Merrifield (ed.), Studies in Otomanguean Phonology.  Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.