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Language name and location: Tiwi, Tiwi Island, Australia [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. yati / yati / ( masculine), nyatinga /ɲatiŋa/, natinga /natiŋa/ * (feminine) |
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2. yirrara / yiraɽa/ ( masculine), jara /tʃaɽa/ (feminine ), yuwurrara /yuwuraɽa/ (human ) |
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3. yirrajirrima /yiratʃirima/ (masculine), jajirrima /tʃatʃirima / (feminine ), yuwurrajirrima /yuwuratʃirima/ (human) |
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4. yatapinti / yatapinti/, yatawulingirri / yatawuliŋiri/, yukurri /yukuri/ |
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5. pinginingita /piŋiŋita/ |
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6. kiringarra /kiɽiŋara/ |
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7. kiringarra yati ( masculine ) ( 6 + 1 ), walimani /walimani/ |
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8.
kiringarra yirrara ( 6 + 2 ), pinginingita yirrajirrima ( 5 + 3 ),
punyipunyinga /punyipuŋiŋ/ |
| 9. kiringarra yatawulingirri ( 6 + 2 ), punyipunyinga yati / natinga ( 8 + 1 ) |
| 10. wumutirrara |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Jenny Lee, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aboriginal and Islander Branch, October 30, 2012. 提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Jenny Lee. 2012 年 10 月 30 日. |
ɲ
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Other comments: Tiwi is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Tiwi people on the Tiwi Islands, within sight of the coast of northern Australia. It is one of about 10% of Australian languages still being learned by children. I think that traditionally the Tiwi numbers were basically ‘1, 2, 3’ but I couldn’t swear to this. Some of the names of larger numbers are definitely related to post-contact concepts, such as walimani ‘seven’ as the prime meaning of this word is ‘axe’, similarly punyipunyinga ‘eight’ has the prime meaning of ‘brain’. * nyatinga is the Traditional Tiwi term and natinga the Modern Tiwi term. * In Traditional Tiwi kiringarra meant 'five' ('one hand'), now meaning 'six', kiringarra yati meant 'six' ('five one') now means 'seven', kiringarra yirrara meant seven' ('five two') now means 'eight' etc Tiwi sounds
Tiwi has 17 consonants and 4 vowels. The vowels are:
Tiwi consonants are presented below. The symbols used in the practical orthography in the Tiwi Interactive Dictionary are presented first in dark red, with IPA symbols in square brackets for special sounds.
* This is a velar fricative which, while not strictly a glide, fits into this slot, completing a pattern with w and y. There are also pre-nasalised stops, (written as mp, nt, rnt, nj, nk) which have been interpreted as single phonemes, since there are no other consonant clusters in Tiwi. The pre-nasalised stops mainly alternate with their corresponding stops in some words. There are also labialised stops and nasals (which are written as pw, kw, ngw), and a few cases of pre-nasalised labialised stops. |
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Language name and location: Tiwi, Australia [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. yati ( masculine), nathinga (feminine, non-human ) |
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2. yirrara ( masculine), jara (feminine ), yuwurrara (plural ) |
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3. yirrajirrima ( masculine), jajirrima (feminine ), yuwurrajirrima (plural ) |
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4. yatapinti / yatawulingirri / yukurri |
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5. pinginingita |
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6. kiringarra |
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7. kiringarra yati ( masculine ) ( 6 + 1 ), walimani |
| 8. kiringarra yirrara ( 6 + 2 ), pinginingita yirrajirrima ( 5 + 3 ), punyipunyinga |
| 9. kiringarra yatawulingirri ( 6 + 2 ), punyipunyinga yati / natinga ( 8 + 1 ) |
| 10. wumutirrara |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Ms.
Eirlys Richards,
Summer
Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aboriginal and Islander Branch, Australia,
January 25, 1988. |
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Other comments: Tiwi can count numerals up to ten. |
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