Language name and locationː Tlacoyalco Popoloca, Mexico [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 特拉斯卡拉-波波洛卡语, 墨西哥中南部普埃布拉州

 

1. naa²¹ / jˑnɡo²

21.   kˑan¹ naa²¹

2. yoo¹² / yaa²

22.   kˑan¹ yoo¹²

3. nii¹² / ncha¹ˈa¹

23.   kˑan¹ nii¹²

4. noo²¹ / nao¹²

24.   kˑan¹ noo²¹

5. na²ˈo³

25.   kˑan¹ na²ˈo³

6. in¹kjˑaon²

26.   kˑan¹ in¹kjˑaon²

7. yaa³to³

27.   kˑan¹ yaa³to³

8. jˑni¹

28.   kˑan¹ jˑni¹

9. naa³

29.   kˑan¹ naa³

10. thˑe³

30.   kˑan¹ thˑe³

11. the³jˑnɡo²/ the³naa²¹

40.   ya¹² kˑan¹  ( 2 x 20 )

12. the³yoo¹²

50.   ya¹² kˑan¹ thˑe³

13. the³nii¹²

60.   ncha¹ kˑan¹ ( 3 x 20 )

14. the³noo²¹

70.   ncha¹ kˑan¹ thˑe³

15. the³na²ˈo³

80.   noo²¹ kˑan¹ ( 4 x 20 )

16. the³in¹kjˑaon²

90.   noo²¹ kˑan¹ thˑe³

17. the³yaa³to³

100. na²ˈo³ kˑan¹ / renkiˑa¹ / chia³ thjˑin¹ *

18. the³jˑni¹

200.  yoo¹² renkiˑa¹ / yoo¹² chia³ thjˑin¹

19. the³naa³

1000. ji²nˑo³

20. kˑan¹

2000. yoo¹² ji²nˑo³

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Ms. Sharon Stark, SIL International, April 4, 2008, September 20, 2011.

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Sharon Stark, 2008 年 4 月 4 日, 2011 年 9 月 20 日.

 

Other comments: San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca (Ngigua) or Tlacoyalco Popoloca

is spoken by approximately 8,400 speakers in Puebla state: San Francisco Esperilla, San José Buenavista, San Juan Sacavasco, San Marcos Tlacoyalco, and San Martin Esperilla, Mexico. Tlacoyalco Popoloca has a vigesimal system. Popoloca that there are

2 words for the numbers 1-4. They are below with the most common 1st.

  1. naa (on mid to high tone) and jngo (don't know the tone)

  2. yoo (high-mid) and yaa (mid-mid)

  3. nii (high-mid) and ncha'a (high-high; the ch is voiced following n)

  4. noo (mid-high) and nao (high-mid)

Notes on phonetic symbols: /t/ is dental or inter-dental (as in Spanish), /tʰ/ is an

alveolar ( as in English), but don't confuse with English th /θ/. An final 'n' indicates

nasal vowel(s), the semi colon [ˑ] indicates lengthened phonemes.

One thing that could be confusing is the graphic 'th'. Popoloca has 2 types of t. I've found evidence of these in other dialects of Popoloca, but San Marcos is the only dialect to have retained them to a great extent. The one we write as 't' is dental/interdental (similar to the Spanish t). And 'th' is alveolar. Eunice Pike years ago didn't believe us when we discovered it, but it's true. We used to write the alveolar as 'tt', but recently the bilingual school teachers wanted to change it to 'th'. That causes problems for anyone who knows English, but I figured it was best to let them have their way—it is their language, after all.

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