Northwestern Ojibwa

Language name and locationː Northwestern Ojibwa, Canada [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 西北部奥吉布瓦语, 加拿大中部马尼托巴省和东部安大略省

1. peːʃɪk	21. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ peːʃɪk
2. niːʃɪn	22. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃɪn
3. nɪhsɪn	23. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ nɪhsɪn
4. niːwɪn	24. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːwɪn
5. naːnʌn	25. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ naːnʌn
6. ɪnkotwaːhso	26. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso
7. niːʃwaːhso	27. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso
8. ɪhʃwaːhso	28. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso
9. ʃaːnkʌhso	29. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso
10. mɪtaːhso	30. nɪhsɪmɪtʌnʌ
11. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ peːʃɪk	40. naːmɪtʌnʌ
12. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃɪn	50. naːnɪmɪtʌnʌ
13. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ nɪhsɪn	60. nɪnkotwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ
14. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːwɪn	70. niːʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ
15. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ naːnʌn	80. nɪhʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ
16. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso	90. ʃaːnkahsomɪtʌnʌ
17. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso	100. ɪnkotwaːhk
18. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso	200. niːʃwaːhk
19. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso	1000. mɪtaːhswaːhk
20. niːʃtʌnʌ	2000. niːʃɪnk mɪtaːhswaːhk

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Charles E. Fiero, Summer Institute of Linguistics,

USA. February 27, 2009. February 23, 2012.

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Charles E. Fiero, 2009 年 2 月 27 日. 2012 年 2 月 23 日.

Other comments: Northwestern Ojibwa (Nakawēmowin) or Northern Ojibwa is spoken by approximately 20,000 speakers in Manitoba and Ontario provinces, Canada. Northwestern Ojibwa has a decimal system. Local variants of the above include: /mɪtaːhso hʃɪ/~/mɪtaːhʃɪ/; /mɪtaːhso/~/mɪtaːhswɪ/; /hʃɪ/~/ʌhʃɪ/; /ɪnkotwaːhso/~/nɪnkotwaːhso/; /ɪhʃwaːhso/ ~ /nɪhʃwaːhso/.

For example, NW Ojibwe goes 1 to 5, then breaks into the /-aahsw/ system for 6 to 10. (/ninkw-/ being an alternate for /peʃɪkw/): /ninkotwaahso (1-a:hso), 2-a:hso, 3-aahso, a break at 9, Plains Cree departs entirely for 7 (tepakohp) and 8 (ayina:new). Then both languages revert to the /-tana/ or /mitana/ system for the decades. For teens, Ojibwe uses the "plus" particle, Cree uses /-sa:p/ suffix.

NW Ojibwe and Chippewa use the /-a:hkw/ classifier for hundreds: 100 - ninkotwa:hk, 1000 - mita:hswa:hk. Some have opined that the /-a:hkw/ classifier was related to quantities in wooden nail kegs, since /-a:hkw/ is a classifier for certain rigid objects, such as lumber and trees.

Northwestern Ojibwa Consonant Tableː

	Labial	Alveolar	Alveopalatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p	t		k	ʔ
Affricatives			č (tʃ)
Fricatives		s	ʃ		h
Nasals	m	n
Semivowels	y			w

I list the alveopalatal affricate with the unit symbol / č/ rather than /tʃ/. /h/ is
manifested as local friction determined by /V_V/ and-or /V_C/ environment
ranging from bilabial /p / to velar /x/. /Vhs/ and /VhS/ may be manifested as
[Vs:] and [VS:]. /p/, /t/, /k/, / č/, /s/, /S/ are classed as lenis, have voiced

allophones in environment /V_V/. They are voiceless elsewhere, with the exceptions

of /s/ and /ʃ/ being optionally voiced in env. /V:_p/, /V:_t / and /V:_k/ . /n/ has

alveopalatal and velar allophones preceding /č/ : [ɲ] and /k/ : [ŋ]; /n/ is

manifested as nasalization of the vowel in environments /Vns/, /Vnʃ/ and /Vnh/.

Northwestern Ojibwa Vowel Chart

	Front	Central	Back
Close	iː
Near-Close	ɪ		oː, o
Mid	e
Open		ʌ
		aː

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