Language name and locationː Northwestern Ojibwa, Canada [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 西北部奥吉布瓦语, 加拿大中部马尼托巴省和东部安大略省  

 

1. peːʃɪk

21.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ peːʃɪk

2. niːʃɪn

22.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃɪn

3. nɪhsɪn

23.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ nɪhsɪn

4. niːwɪn

24.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːwɪn

5. naːnʌn

25.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ naːnʌn

6. ɪnkotwaːhso

26.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso 

7. niːʃwaːhso

27.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso

8. ɪhʃwaːhso

28.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso 

9. ʃaːnkʌhso

29.  niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso

10. mɪtaːhso

30.  nɪhsɪmɪtʌnʌ

11. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ peːʃɪk

40.  naːmɪtʌnʌ

12. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃɪn

50.  naːnɪmɪtʌnʌ 

13. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ nɪhsɪn

60.  nɪnkotwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ

14. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːwɪn

70.  niːʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ 

15. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ naːnʌn

80.  nɪhʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ

16. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso 

90.  ʃaːnkahsomɪtʌnʌ 

17. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso

100. ɪnkotwaːhk

18. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso 

200. niːʃwaːhk

19. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso

1000. mɪtaːhswaːhk

20. niːʃtʌnʌ 

2000. niːʃɪnk mɪtaːhswaːhk 

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Charles E. Fiero, Summer Institute of Linguistics,

USA. February 27, 2009. February 23, 2012.

提供资的语言学家: Mr. Charles E. Fiero, 2009 年 2 月 27 日. 2012 年 2 月 23 日.

 

Other comments: Northwestern Ojibwa (Nakawēmowin) or Northern Ojibwa is spoken by approximately 20,000 speakers in Manitoba and Ontario provinces, Canada. Northwestern Ojibwa has a decimal system.  Local variants of the above include: /mɪtaːhso hʃɪ/~/mɪtaːhʃɪ/; /mɪtaːhso/~/mɪtaːhswɪ/; /hʃɪ/~/ʌhʃɪ/; /ɪnkotwaːhso/~/nɪnkotwaːhso/; /ɪhʃwaːhso/ ~ /nɪhʃwaːhso/.

For example, NW Ojibwe goes 1 to 5, then breaks into the /-aahsw/ system for 6 to 10. (/ninkw-/ being an alternate for /peʃɪkw/): /ninkotwaahso (1-a:hso), 2-a:hso, 3-aahso, a break at 9, Plains Cree departs entirely for 7 (tepakohp) and 8 (ayina:new). Then both languages revert to the /-tana/ or /mitana/ system for the decades. For teens, Ojibwe uses the "plus" particle, Cree uses /-sa:p/ suffix.

NW Ojibwe and Chippewa use the /-a:hkw/ classifier for hundreds: 100 - ninkotwa:hk, 1000 - mita:hswa:hk. Some have opined that the /-a:hkw/ classifier was related to quantities in wooden nail kegs, since /-a:hkw/ is a classifier for certain rigid objects, such as lumber and trees.

 

Northwestern Ojibwa Consonant Tableː

 

 

Labial

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Velar

Glottal

Plosive

p

t

 

k

 ʔ

Affricatives

 

 

č (tʃ)

 

 

Fricatives

 

 s

ʃ

 

h

Nasals

m

 n

 

 

 

Semivowels

     y              w  

 

I list the alveopalatal affricate with the unit symbol / č/ rather than /tʃ/. /h/ is
manifested as local friction determined by /V_V/ and-or /V_C/ environment
ranging from bilabial /p / to velar /
x/. /Vhs/ and /VhS/ may be manifested as
[Vs:] and [V
S:]. /p/, /t/, /k/, / /, /s/, /S/ are classed as lenis, have voiced

allophones in environment /V_V/. They are voiceless elsewhere, with the exceptions

of /s/ and /ʃ/ being optionally voiced in env. /V:_p/, /V:_t / and /V:_k/ . /n/ has

alveopalatal and velar allophones preceding /č/ : [ɲ] and /k/ : [ŋ]; /n/ is

manifested as nasalization of the vowel in environments /Vns/, /Vnʃ/ and /Vnh/.

   

Northwestern Ojibwa Vowel Chart

 

Front

Central

Back

Close

iː

 

 

Near-Close

ɪ

 

oː, o

Mid

e

 

 

Open

 

ʌ

 

             aː  

 


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