Nda'nda'

Language name and location: Nda'nda', Littoral region, Cameroon [Ref to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 恩达恩达语, 喀麦隆西南部海滨省及中部省

1. ᶯt͡ʃə̀	21. t͡ʃɔ̀p ʃə̀ ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
2. pɑ́	22. t͡ʃɔ̀p pá ᵑxɛ̀p ᵐbá
3. tʲɛ̂	23. t͡ʃɔ̀p tʲɛ̄ ᵑxɛ̀p ᵐbá
4. kˣʷɑ̀	24. t͡ʃɔ̀p kˣʷɔ̀ ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
5. tɑ᷆ː	25. t͡ʃɔ̀p tɑ̂ ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
6. tùxú	26. t͡ʃɔ̀p ⁿtùxū ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
7. sɔ̀ᵐbá	27, t͡ʃɔ̀p sɔ̀ᵐbá ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
8. xɔ̀á	28. t͡ʃɔ̀p xɔ̀á ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
9. vʲə̀ʔə́	29. t͡ʃɔ̀p vʲə̀ʔə́ ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá
10. xɛ̀p	30. ᵑxɛ̄p ⁿtʲɛ́
11. t͡ʃɔ̀p ᶯt͡ʃə̀	40. ᵑxɛ̂p kˣʷɑ̀
12. t͡ʃɔ̀m pɑ́	50. ᵑxɛ́p ntɑ᷆ː
13. t͡ʃɔ̀p tʲɛ́	60. ᵑxɛ̄p ⁿtùxú
14. t͡ʃɔ̀p kˣʷɑ̀	70. ᵑxɛ́p sɔ̀ᵐbá
15. t͡ʃɔ̀p tɑ᷆ː	80. ᵑxɛ́p xɔ̀á
16. t͡ʃɔ̀p tùxú	90. ᵑxɛ̄p vʲə̀ʔə́
17. t͡ʃɔ̀p sɔ̀ᵐbá	100. ᵑkˣə̀
18. t͡ʃɔ̀p xɔ̀á	200. ᵑkˣə̀ ᵐbá
19. t͡ʃɔ̀p vʲə̀ʔə́	1000. ᶯt͡ʃàʔ
20. ᵑxɛ̄p ᵐbá	2000. ᶯt͡ʃàʔ pɑ́

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Ginger Boyd, SIL-Cameroon. April 22, 2022.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Ginger Boyd, 2022 年 4 月 22 日.

Other comments: Nda'nda' has a decimal system. Nda’nda’ [nnz] is a speech chain spoken by about 10,000 speakers in the Littoral region: Nkam division and in the West region: Mifi and Ndé divisions straddling Upper Nkam east of Bana, Cameroon. According to the Ethnologue, it has two main dialects: Undimeha (East Nda’nda’), Ungameha (South Nda’nda’, West Nda’nda’).

Based on native speakers’ communications within West Nda’nda’, the speech varieties of the five villages, Batchingou, Bamena, Bangou, Balengou and Batcha, can understand each other easily, and can understand the speech variety of Bazou (South Nda’nda’) fairly well. They claim to find it difficult to understand East Nda’nda’ (of Bangwa and Batoufam villages). This data comes from the Nda’nda’ variety, Siəh, spoken in the village of Batchingou.

Contrastive vowels of Siəh:

	devant	central	derrière
haut	i		u
moyen	e [ɛ]	ə	o [ɔ]
bas		a

Contrastive consonants of Siəh:

		labiale	alvéolaire	palatale	vélaire	labio-vélaire	glotal
implosives	sonore
occlusives	sourde	p	t		k	kw [k͡p]	(‘[ʔ])
occlusives	sonore	(b) [β]	(d)		(g) [ɣ]	gw [g͡b]
occlusives	mi-nasale sd.		nt [ⁿt]		nk [ᵑk]
occlusives	mi-nasale sn.	mb [ᵐb]	nd [ⁿd]		ng [ᵑg]	ngw [ᵑ͡ᵐg͡b]
affriquées	sourde			c [t͡ʃ]	kh [kˣ]
affriquées	sonore			j [d͡ʒ]
fricatives	sourde	f	s	sh [ʃ]	gh [χ]		h
fricatives	sonore	v	z
fricatives	mi-nasale sd.		ns [ⁿs]	nc [ᶯt͡ʃ]	nkh [ᵑkˣ]
fricatives	mi-nasale sn.	mv [ᶬv]	nz [ⁿz]	nj [ᶯd͡ʒ]	ngh [ᵑɣ]

Language name and location: Nda'nda', Littoral region, Cameroon [Ref to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 恩达恩达语, 喀麦隆西南部海滨省及中部省

1. ŋtʃɔ̀ʔ	21. tʃùp tʃɔ̀ʔ ɣàmbə́ɣə́
2. pə́ɣə́	22. tʃùp bə́ɣə́ ɣàmbə́ɣə́
3. té	23. tʃùp té ɣàmbə́ɣə́
4. kwò	24. tʃùp kwò ɣàmbə́ɣə́
5. tɔ̀	25. tʃùp tɔ̀ ɣàmbə́ɣə́
6. tó	26. tʃùp ntó ɣàmbə́ɣə́
7. sòmbə̀ɣə̀	27. tʃùp sòmbə̀ɣə̀ ɣàmbə́ɣə́
8. χóp	28. tʃùp χóp ɣàmbə́ɣə́
9. vɨ̀ʔ	29. tʃùp vɨ̀ʔɨ̀ ɣàmbə́ɣə́
10. ɣáp	30. ɣámté
11. tʃùp tʃɔʔ mə̀ɣàp	40. ɣámkwò
12. tʃùp bə́ɣə́ mə̀ɣàp	50. ɣámtɔ̀
13. tʃùp té mə̀ɣàp	60. ɣámtó
14. tʃùp kwò mə̀ɣàp	70. ɣámsòmbə̀ɣə̀
15. tʃùp tɔ̀ mə̀ɣàp	80. ɣámχóp
16. tʃùp ntó mə̀ɣàp	90. ɣámvɨ̀ʔ
17. tʃùp sòmbə́ɣə́ mə̀ɣàp	100. kχə̀, 101. kχə̀ jítʃɔ̀ʔ, 103. kχə̀ mə̀té
18. tʃùp χóp mə̀ɣàp	200. kχə̀pə́ɣə́, 202. kχə̀pə́ɣə́ mə̀ jípə́ɣə́
19. tʃùp vɨ̀ʔɨ̀ mə̀ɣàp	1000. tʃȁʔ, 1002. tʃȁʔ mə̀ jípə́ɣə́
20. ɣámbə́ɣə́	2000. tʃȁʔpə́ɣə́

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Gueche Fosto Hugues Carlos, Department. of Linguistics, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. June 1, 2012.

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Gueche Fosto Hugues Carlos, 2012 年 6 月 1 日.

Other comments: Nda'nda' has a decimal system similar to that of Fe'fe' and other languages of Bamileke group. Nda'nda' cardinals can be divided into simple cardinals and complex cardinals. Simple cardinals are cardinals that are made up of one word. They include exclusively eleven numbers listed above.

For tens, “ɣáp” is multiplied by digits from “two” to “nine” to obtain numbers from

“20” to “90”. To obtain hundreds “ŋkχə̀” is multiplied by digits from “two” to “nine”
and yield numbers that range from “200” and “900”. As far as thousands are concerned, the same process is applied as “ntʃȁ?” has to be multiplied by digits from “one” “to “two” to obtain numbers from “2000” to “9000”. From “11” to “19”, the complex cardinal is obtained from adding the digit corresponding to “units” to “ɣáp” through the following formula: tʃùp + Unit + mə̀ + ɣáp with “tʃȕp” and “mə̀” meaning “and”. From “20” to “99”, it is the formula “tʃùp + Unit + Tens” that enables to obtain the complex cardinal. From “101” upwards the connector “mə̀” is now used alone to link “hundreds” or “thousands” to their various units. However when the unit is either “tʃɔ̀ʔ” (1) or “pə́ɣə́” (2), “mə̀?” has to be followed by “jíʔ” that is a kind of prefix whose appearance exclusively here seems to have no linguistics grounds. Other higher numerals areː 300. kχə̀té, 400. kχə̀kwò, 500. kχə̀tɔ̀, 600. kχə̀tó, 700. kχə̀sóp, 800.kχə̀χóp, 900.kχə̀vɨ̀ʔə̀, 3000. tʃȁʔté, 4000.tʃȁʔkwò, 5000.tʃȁʔtɔ̀, 6000.tʃȁʔtó, 7000.tʃȁʔsòmbə́ɣə́, 8000.tʃȁʔ, 9000.tʃȁʔmvɨ̀ʔə̀. 9999 is expressed as 'kχə̀vɨ̀ʔɨ̀ mə̀ kχə̀vɨ̀ʔɨ̀ mə̀ tʃȕpvɨ̀ʔɨ̀ ɣàmvɨ̀ʔɨ'.̀

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