Language name and location: Anindilyakwa, Australia [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区宁迪尔雅夸语, 澳大利亚北部地区

 

1. awilyaba / awiʎaba/

2. ambiyuma /ambiʎəma ~ ambiʎʊma/

3. abiyakarbiya /abijakaɻbija/

4. abiyarbuwa / abijaɻbuwa ~ abijabuwa/

5. amangbala /amaŋbaɺa/

6. amangbala awilyaba / amaŋbaɺa awiʎaba/

7. amangbala ambiyuma / amaŋbaɺa ambiʎəma ~ ambiʎʊma/ 

8. amangbala abiyakarbiya / amaŋbaɺa abijakaɻbija/

9. amangbala abiyarbuwa /  amaŋbaɺa  abijaɻbuwa ~ abijabuwa/

10. ememberrkwa / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa/

11. ememberrkwa awilyaba  / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa awiʎaba/

12. ememberrkwa ambiyuma / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa ambiʎəma ~ ambiʎʊma/ 

13. ememberrkwa abiyakarbiya / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa /abijakaɻbija/

14. ememberrkwa abiyarbuwa  / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa  abijaɻbuwa ~ abijabuwa/

15. ememberrkwa amangbala  / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa amaŋbaɺa/

16. ememberrkwa amangbala awilyaba / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa amaŋbaɺa awiʎaba /

17. ememberrkwa amangbala ambiyuma / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa amaŋbaɺa ambiʎəma ~

      ambiʎʊma/

18. ememberrkwa amangbala abiyakarbiya / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa amaŋbaɺa abijakaɻbija/

19. ememberrkwa amangbala abiyarbuwa / ɛmɛmbɛɾkʷa  amaŋbaɺa  abijaɻbuwa ~

      abijabuwa/

20. wurrakiriyabulangwa / wurakəɻəjabə ɺaŋʷa/

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Marie-Elaine van Egmond, Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney, Australia. October 19, 2012.

供资料的语言学家 Dr. Marie-Elaine van Egmond, 2012 年 10 月 19 日.

 

Other comments: Anindilyakwa or Enindhilyakwa, is spoken in Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia. This language is the only Australian aboriginal language has higher numerals over ten. The previously recorded numbers 20 from other source I have never heard myself. Therefore, I do not know if these are in use today.

Enindhilyakwa phoneme inventory (van Egmond 2012):

 

 

 

Place of articulation

 

 

Bi-

labial

Apico-

Lamino-

Dorso-

 

 

alveolar

retroflex

 dental

 palatal

  velar

  velar

  rounded

     Manner of Articulation

Stop

p (b)

 t (d)

 ʈ   (rd)

 t̪ (dh)

 c (j)

k (k)

kw (kw)

Nasal

m (m)

 n (n)

 ɳ  (n)

 n̪ (nh)

 ɲ (ny)

ŋ (ng)

ŋw (ngw)

Lateral

 

 l (l)

 ɭ   (rl)

 l̪ (lh)

 ʎ (ly)

 

 

Vibrant

 

 ɾ, r (rr)

 

 

 

 

 

Glides

 

 

 ɻ (r)

 

 j (y)

 

w (w)

Nasal + stop

mp (mb)

 nt (nd)

 ɳʈ (rnd)

n̪t̪ (ndh)

 ɲc (nj)

ŋk (ngk)

ŋkw (ngkw)

Complex segments

k͡p (kb)

ŋ͡p (ngb)

ŋ͡m (ngm)

C         Consonant phoneme inventory (orthographic symbols in parentheses, phonemes in shaded cells

       are rare)

 

 

Front

Central

High

i (i)

 

Mid

ɛ (e)

ə (v)

Low

 

 

 Vowel phoneme inventory (orthographic symbols given in parentheses)

References:

Van Egmond, Marie-Elaine (2012). Enindhilyakwa phonology, morphosyntax and genetic position.  PhD thesis, University of Sydney. 


Language name and location: Anindilyakwa, Australia [Refer to Ethnologue]

言名称和分布地区宁迪尔雅夸语, 澳大利亚北部地区

 

1. awilyaba

2. ambiyuma ~ ambambuwa

3. abiyakarbiya

4. abiyarbuwa

5. amangbala

6. amangbala awilyaba

7. amangbala ambiyuma

8. amangbala abiyakarbiya
9. amangbala abiyarbuwa
10. ememberrkwa
11. ememberrkwa awilyaba
12. ememberrkwa ambiyuma
13. ememberrkwa abiyakarbiya
14. ememberrkwa abiyarbuwa
15. ememberrkwa amangbala
16. ememberrkwa amangbala awilyaba
17. ememberrkwa amangbala ambiyuma
18. ememberrkwa amangbala abiyakarbiya
19. ememberrkwa amangbala abiyarbuwa
20. wurrakiriyabulangwa, 21. wurrakiriyabulangwa awilyaba
26. wurrakiriyabulangwa amangbala awilyaba

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Paul Black, School of Australian Linguistics, Northern Territory, Australia, January 16, 1989.

Sourceː Judith Stroke, A Description of Mathematical Concepts of Groote Eylandt Aborigines. Work papers of SIL-AAB Serioas B Volumes 8, December 1982.
供资料的语言学家: Dr. Paul Black, 1989 年 1 月 16 日.

 

Other comments: In traditional most of Australian Aboriginal society nothing used to be counted that was outside normal everyday experience. When asked for what purpose

counting was used in the old days, the old women who know the number names say that counting was used for turtle eggs. However, the number system in Anindilyakwa

is more developed that in most other Aboriginal languages. Dr. Peter Worsley, an

anthropologist who was on Groote Eylandt, suggested that contact with the Macassans

accounted for the development of number names beyond five, as it is normal in

Aboriginal languages to count either to three or to five. Since the introduction of English, English words have been used almost exclusively for numbers above five,

while both the Anindilyakwa and English words have been used for the numbers up to five and also ten. Today few young people know of the existence of the old Anindilyakwa words for fifteen and twenty, it is probably some times since these words were in use, but they are still remembered by middle-aged and old people. Numerals in Anindilyakwa are adjectival, the number names are 1 to 5, 10, 15 and 20.

Anindilyakwa Phonology Chart:

 

Bilabial

Apical Alveolar

Apical

Retroflex

Laminal

Dental

Laminal

Palatal

velar Unrounded

velar

Rounded

Plosive

p

t

ʈ

c

k, ɡ

 kʷ, ɡʷ

Nasal

m

 n

ɳ

    ɲ

 ŋ

 ŋʷ

Lateral

 

 

 

    ʎ

 

( ɭ )

Rhotic          r       ɽ        

Approximant

 

 

 

 

  j

 

w

 

Strokes (1981) analyses Anindilyakwa as having phonemic Vowelsː /i, e, a, u /,
 Leeding (1989) analyses it as having just two, /ɨ, a/.


 

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