Language name and location: Xiri, Western Cape, South Africa [Refer to Ethnologue]
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1. ǀúí |
2. ǀám |
3. !nòná |
4. hàká |
5. kóro |
Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Mark Rosenfelder, The Author of the website "Numbers from 1 to 10 in over 5000 languages", Chicago, USA, October 7 2023. 提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Mark Rosenfelder, 2023 年 10 月 7 日. |
Other comments: Xiri or Giri, also known as Griqua (Afrikaans spelling) or Cape Hottentot is a Khoisan language of South Africa, originally spoken by a small group of Coloureds. It is an endangered language, and may even be extinct. Direct evidence for the current population of the Xiri speakers is lacking, but the language is thought to be used as a first language by the elderly only. Xiri has only recorded traditional numerals from 1 to 5 years ago. New data for numbers after five is required.
Notes:
The symbol
'ǀ'
is a dental click, 'ǃ' a (post) alveolar lateral click and 'ǁ'
an alveolar click. Names: "Khoemana" (from khoe 'person' + mana 'language') is more commonly known as either Korana /kɒˈrɑːnə/ (also ǃOrakobab, ǃOra, Kora, Koraqua) or Griqua (also Gri [xri], Xri, Xiri, Xirikwa).[3] The name 'Korana' reflects the endonym ǃOra IPA: [ǃoɾa] or ǃGora IPA: [gǃoɾa], referring to the ǃOra people. Sometimes ǃOra is also known as Cape Khoe or Cape Hottentot, though the latter has become considered derogatory. The various names are often treated as different languages (called South Khoekhoe when taken together), but they do not correspond to any actual dialect distinctions, and speakers may use "Korana" and "Griqua" interchangeably. Both names are also used more broadly, for example for the Griqua people. There exist (or existed) several dialects of Khoemana, but the details are unknown. PhonologyKhoemana is closely related to Khoekhoe, and the sound systems are broadly similar. The strongly aspirated Khoekhoe affricates are simply aspirated plosives [tʰ, kʰ] in Khoemana. However, Khoemana has an ejective velar affricate, /kxʼʔ/, which is not found in Khoekhoe, and a corresponding series of clicks, /ǀ͡xʼ ǁ͡xʼ ǃ͡xʼ ǂ͡xʼ/. Beach (1938)reported that the Khoekhoe of the time had a velar lateral ejective affricate, [k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ], a common realisation or allophone of /kxʼ/ in languages with clicks, and it might be expected that this is true for Khoemana as well. In addition, about half of all lexical words in Khoemana began with a click, compared to a quarter in Khoekhoe.
In Korana, [oe] and [oa] can be pronounced as [we] and [wa].
There are four tones in Khoemana:
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