Language
name and locationː
Sora,
Rayagada Dt., Orissa, India [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
1. əboi |
21. bokuɖi-əboi |
2. baɡɡu |
22. bokuɖi-baɡɡu |
3. jaɡi |
23. bokuɖi-jaɡi |
4. ʊndʒi |
24. bokuɖi-ʊndʒi |
5. monloi |
25. bokuɖi-monloi |
6. tudru |
26. bokuɖi-tudru |
7. ɡuldʒi |
27. bokuɖi-ɡuldʒi |
8. tamdʒi |
28. bokuɖi-tamdʒi |
9. tindʒi |
29. bokuɖi-tindʒi, 30. bokuɖi-ɡaldʒi |
10. ɡaldʒi |
39. bokuɖi-miɡɡal ɡaldʒi, 40. bakuɖi |
11. ɡalmuj |
43. bakuɖi-jaɡi, 50. bakuɖi-ɡaldʒi |
12. miɡɡal |
53. bakuɖi-miɡɡal-əboi |
13. miɡɡal-əboi ( 12 + 1) |
60. jakuɖi |
14. miɡɡal-baɡɡu |
70. jakuɖi-ɡaldʒi |
15. miɡɡal-jaɡi |
80. ʊndʒikuɖi |
16. miɡɡal-ʊndʒi |
99. ʊndʒikuɖi-ɡaldʒi |
17. miɡɡal-monloi |
100. bo-sua |
18. miɡɡal-tudru |
500. monloi-sua |
19. miɡɡal-ɡuldʒi |
1000. bo-hadʒar |
20. bokuɖi (1 score) |
|
Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Opino Gomango, Livingtongue Institution for Endanger Language as Munda Project Coordinator, USA, May 20, 2020. 提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Opino Gomango, 2020 年 5 月 20 日. |
Other comments: Sora use an old duodecimal numeral system before. Sora numeral system is so vast it can't be concluded now because it's an underworking process. It's different from place to place and group to group. As you know Sora language was subdivided into many groups. Which I share with you is Langia or Arsid sora numeral system but Juray sora is different one and Sompeng Sora is different. You will note that Sora’s numeral system is a bit strange. Like many languages of India, ‘twenty’ seems to be a basic unit, so bo-kuɖi [1-20] is ‘20’, ba-kuɖi [2-20] is ‘40’, and ja-kuɖi [3-20] ‘60’. This looks like a 20-based system, which in linguistics is called vigesimal. But when we look at numbers meaning 12-19, 52-59, 72-79 and 92-99 all seem based on the number for ‘12’. So ‘13’ is 12+1 and so on up to 12+7 for ‘19’. The 32-39 is normally formed with 30+2 and so on. But 52-59 (and 72-79, 92-99) shows both systems with ‘54’ bakuɖi- miggal- baggu being ((2 x 20)+12+2). We Sora have mathematics built into our numerals. Sora is spoken by approximately 400,000 speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal states, India. |
Language
name and locationː
Sora,
Rayagada Dt., Orissa, India [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
1. aboj |
21. bokuɽi aboj |
2. baɡu |
22. bokuɽi baɡu |
3. jaɡi |
23. bokuɽi jaɡi |
4. unzi |
24. bokuɽi unzi |
5. monloj |
25. bokuɽi monloj |
6. turru |
26. bokuɽi turru |
7. ɡulzi |
27. bokuɽi ɡulzi |
8. tamzi |
28. bokuɽi tamzi |
9. tinzi |
29. bokuɽi tinzi, 30. bokuɽi ɡalzi |
10. ɡalzi |
39. bokuɽi maiʔɡal ɡulzi, 40. baɡ kuɽi |
11. ɡalmuj |
43. baɡ kuɽi jaɡi, 50. baɡ kuɽi ɡalzi |
12. maiʔɡal |
53. baɡ kuɽi maiʔɡal aboj |
13. maiʔɡal aboj (12+1) |
60. jaɡ kuɽi / baɡ kuɽi maiʔɡal tamzi |
14. maiʔɡal baɡu |
70. jaɡ kuɽi ɡalzi |
15. maiʔɡal jaɡi |
80. unzo kuɽi / jaɡ kuɽi maiʔɡal tamzi |
16. maiʔɡal unzi |
99. unzo kuɽi ɡalzi |
17. maiʔɡal monloj |
100. baɡ so / unzo kuɽi maiʔɡal tamzi |
18. maiʔɡal turru |
200. baɡ so, 300. jaɡ so, 400. unoz so |
19. maiʔɡal ɡulzi |
700. ɡulzi so, 900. tinoz so |
20. bokuɽi (1 score) |
1000. ɡalzi so |
Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Luke Horo, PhD in Linguistics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India, date
taken from a Assam Sora Scholar Mr. Debaru Sora, December 17, 2015. |
Other comments: Sora use an old duodecimal numeral system before. The system is unique in building by dozens /maiʔɡal/ 12 within scores /-kuɽi/. 99.) The origin of /kuɽi/, which is common to unrelated languages of NE India, is uncertain. An Indo-Aryan word /so/ ‘hundred’ is now used as an alternate base from 100. Sora is spoken by approximately 400,000 speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal states, India. |
Language
name and locationː
Sora,
Rayagada Dt., Orissa, India [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
1. əbɔy, bɔ, mɨɟ-, mi-, -bɔy, -muy |
21. bɔ-koɽi-bɔy |
2. bɑɡu, bɑ-, bɑr- |
22. bɔ-koɽi bɑɡu |
3. yɑɡi, yɑ, er- |
23. bɔ-koɽi yɑɡi |
4. unɟi |
24. bɔ-koɽi unɟi |
5. mɔnlɔy |
25. bɔ-koɽi mɔnlɔy |
6. tuɖru |
26. bɔ-koɽi tuɖru |
7. ɡulɟi |
27. bɔ-koɽi ɡulɟi |
8. tɑmɟi |
28. bɔ-koɽi tɑmɟi |
9. tinɟi |
29. bɔ-koɽi tinɟi, 30. bɔ-koɽi ɡəlɟi |
10. ɡəlɟi |
33. bɔ-koɽi-mɨɟɡəl-bɔy |
11. ɡəlmuy |
43. bɑ-koɽi yɑɡi (2 score+3 ) |
12. mɨɟɡəl |
53. ba-koɽi mɨɟɡəl-bɔy (2 score+12+1) |
13. mɨɟɡəl-abɔy ( 12 + 1) |
63. yɑ-koɽi yɑɡi (3 score+3 ) |
14. mɨɟɡəl-bɑɡu |
73. yɑ-koɽi mɨɟɡəl-bɔy (3 score+12 +1 ) |
15. mɨɟɡəl-yɑɡi |
83. unɟi-koɽi yɑɡi (4 score+3) |
16. mɨɟɡəl-unɟi |
99. unɟi-koɽi mɨɟɡəl-yɑɡi (4 score+12+1 ) |
17. mɨɟɡəl-mɔnlɔy |
100. mɔnlɔy-koɽi (5 score) / bɔ-sɔa * |
18. mɨɟɡəl-tuɖru |
200. ɡəlɟi-koɽi / bɑɡu-sɔa ( 2 hundred ) |
19. mɨɟɡəl-ɡulɟi |
399. mɨɟɡəl-ɡulɟi-koɽi mɨɟɡəl-ɡulɟi * |
20. bɔ-koɽi (1 score) / * mɨɟɡəl-tɑmɟi |
1000. bɔ-mɑɽiɲ (4 hundred ) |
Linguist
providing data and dateː
Prof. Patricia J. Donegan and Prof. David Stampe, |
Other comments: Sora use an old duodecimal numeral system before. The system is unique in building by dozens /miɟɡəl /12 within scores /-koɽi/ 20 as far as 399, i.e. to a score of scores less one. (Other Munda systems build by tens w/in scores to 399.) The origin of /koɽi/, which is common to unrelated languages of NE India, is uncertain. An Indo-Aryan word /sɔɑ/ ‘hundred’ is now used as an alternate base from 100. There is also a native base /-mɑɽiɲ/ ‘thousand; a measure of about one quart’. The transcription is phonemic. Sora is spoken by approximately 400,000 speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal states, India. |
Language
name and locationː
Sora,
Rayagada Dt., Orissa, India [Refer to
Ethnologue] |
1. əbɔy ~aboi |
21. |
2. bagu |
22. |
3. yagi |
23. |
4. unɟi |
24. |
5. mɔnlɔi |
25. |
6. tudru |
26. |
7. gulɟi |
27. |
8. tamɟi |
28. |
9. tiɲɟi |
29. |
10. gəlɟi |
30. bɔkʊɽi gəlɟi |
11. gəlmuy |
40. bakʊɽi ( 2 x 20) |
12. miggəl |
50. bakʊɽi gəlɟi |
13. miggəl-abɔy ( 12 + 1) |
60. yakʊɽi ( 3 x 20) |
14. miggəl-bagu |
70. yakʊɽi gəlɟi |
15. miggəl-yagi |
80. unɟikʊɽi ( 4 x 20) |
16. miggəl-unɟi |
90. unɟikuɽi gəlɟi |
17. miggəl-mɔnlɔi |
100. mɔnlɔikʊɽi ( 5 x 20) / bo sʊa |
18. miggəl-tudru |
200. |
19. missing |
1000. bo maɽiɲ |
20. bɔkʊɽi |
2000. |
Linguist
providing data and dateː
Prof. Stan Starosta,
|
Other comments: Sora use an old duodecimal numeral system before. Sora is spoken by approximately 400,000 speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal states, India. |
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