Language name and locationː Santhali, India, Bangladesh, Nepal [Refer to Ethnologue]
语言名称和分布地区: 桑塔利语, 印度东部比哈尔邦及附近地区, 孟加拉, 尼泊尔, 不丹

1. mitˀ

21.  mitˀ isi mitˀ

2. bar

22.  mitˀ isi bar

3. pɛ

23.  mitˀ isi pɛ

4. pon

24.  mitˀ isi pon

5. mɔ̃ɽɛ̃

25.  mitˀ isi mɔ̃ɽɛ̃

6. turui

26.  mitˀ isi turui

7. eae

27.  mitˀ isi eae

8. irəl

28.  mitˀ isi irəl

9. arɛ

29.  mitˀ isi arɛ

10. gɛl

30.  mitˀ isi gɛl (20+10) / pɛ gɛl (3 x10)

11. gɛl mitˀ

40.  bar isi (2 x 20) / pon gɛl (4 x10)

12. gɛl bar

50.  bar isi gɛl / mɔ̃ɽɛ̃ gel (5 x10)

13. gɛl pɛ

60.  pɛ isi (3 x 20) / turui gɛl (6 x10)

14. gel pon

70.  pɛ isi gɛl (3 x 20+10)/ eae gɛl (7x10)

15. gɛl mɔ̃ɽɛ̃

80.  pon isi (4 x 20) / irəl gɛl (8 x10)

16. gɛl turui

90.  pon isi gɛl (4 x 20+10)/arɛ gɛl (9 x10)

17. gɛl eae

100. mit sae (< Hindi)

18. gɛl irəl

200. bar sae

19. gɛl are

1000. haɟar (< Hindi)

20. mitˀ isi

2000. bar haɟar 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Lukas Neukom, SIL-International, March 29, 2023.

Reference sourceː Neukom, Lukas, 2001. Santali, Languages of the World / Materials 323, Lincom Europa, München, Germany.
提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Lukas Neukom, 2023 年 3 月 29 日.

Other comments: Santhali or Santali is spoken by approximately 7,000,000 speakers in

Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura states in India as well as Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Santhali has a vigesimal numeral system and a decimal system with loanwords for hundred and thousand from Hindi.

Phonology.

Consonants:

Santali has 21 consonants, not counting the 10 aspirated stops which occur primarily, but not exclusively, in Indo-Aryan loanwords and are given in parentheses in the table below:

*ɳ only appears as an allophone of /n/ before /ɖ/.

In native words, the opposition between voiceless and voiced stops is neutralised in word-final position. A typical Munda feature is that word-final stops are "checked", i. e. glottalised and unreleased.

Vowels:

Santali has eight oral and six nasal vowel phonemes. With the exception of /e o/, all oral vowels have a nasalized counterpart.

There are numerous diphthongs.