Language name and locationː Ravula, Karnataka state, India [Refer to Ethnologue]
言名称和分布地区拉武拉语 (耶拉瓦 Yerava),  印度南部卡纳塔克邦及喀拉拉邦

 

1. ond͡ʒu

21.  iruvattond͡ʒu

2. iraːɳɖu

22.  iruvattraːɳɖu

3. muːnd͡ʒu

23.  iruvattmuːnd͡ʒ

4. naːlu

24.  iruvattnaːlu

5. and͡ʒu

25.  iruvattand͡ʒu

6. aːru

26.  iruvattaːru

7. eːju

27.  iruvatteːju

8. eʈʈu

28.  iruvatteʈʈu

9. ojmbadu

29.  iruvattojmbadu

10. pattu

30.  muppadu

11. pannondu

40.  naːpadu

12. pandiraːɳɖu

50.  ajmbadu

13. padinmuːnd͡ʒu

60.  aruvadu

14. padinaːlu

70.  eɭuvadu

15. padinand͡ʒu

80.  embadu

16. padinaːru

90.  tombadu

17. padineːju

100. nuːru

18. padineʈʈu

200. irunuːru

19. pattojmbadu

1000. aːjira

20. iruvadu

2000. iraɳɖaːjira

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Prof. B. Mallikarjun, Director, Center for Classical Kannada, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, India, April 22, 2013.
供资料的语言学家: Prof. B. Mallikarjun, 2013 年 4 月 22 日

 

Other comments: Yerava or Ravula is generally considered to be a dialect of Malayalam, but some Yerava numerals are different from Malayalam ones. Ravula is spoken by approximately 27,000 speakers in Karnataka, Kerala states, India. The Yereva cardinal numerals are given above and their base forms are given belowː 1. ondu, oru, 2. iru,

3. nu, muː, mun, 4. naː, nan, 5. aym, ay, 6. aru, 7. el̩u, 8.em, 9. tom, ombe, 10.pan, pad, pand. The formation of numerals of higher orderː The numerals from 11 to 19 are formed by adding one of the base forms of the cardinal 1 and 2 to one of the base forms of the cardinal 10. The numerals for 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are formed by adding the cardinal for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 to one of the base forms of the cardinal of 10. In both the cases they are linked by -inː pan-ondu > pannondu '11', pand-ira:n̩d̩  > pandiraːn̩du '12', pad-in-muːnju > padimuːnju '13', pad-in-naːlu > padinaːlu '14',
pad-in-anju > padinanju '15', pad-in-aːru > padinaːru '16', pad-in-eːyu > padineːyu > '17', pad-in-et̩t̩u > padinet̩t̩u '18', The numeral for 19 is formed by adding the cardinal numeral for 9 to the cardinal numeral for 10. patt-oymbadu > pattomymbadu '19'. The numerals of the order 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 are formed by adding one of the basic forms of the cardinal of 10 to one of the base forms of the cardinals of the numerals 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. iru-padu > iruvadu '20', nu-padu > 'nupadu '30', naː-padu > naːpadu '40', aym-padu > amymbadu '50', aru-padu > aruvadu '60', el̩u-padu > el̩uvadu '70', em-padu > embadu '80', tom-padu > tombadu '90'. The numerals of the order 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 are formed by adding the numerals for 100 to one of the base forms of the cardinals of the numerals of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. ir-nuːru > irnuːru '200', mun-nuːru > munnuːru '300', naː-nuːru > naːnuːru '400', et̩t̩-nuːru > et̩t̩nuːru '800', ombe-nuːru > ombenuru '900'. The numerals of the order 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, etc., are formed on the same model as for 200, 300 etc. iraːn̩d̩-aːyira > iraːn̩d̩aːyira '2000', muːnj-aːyira > muːnjaːyira '3000', naːl-aːyira > naːlaːyira '4000', anj-aːyira > anjaːyira '5000'.
Note that the different between traditional phonetic symbols and IPA transcriptions:
  1. j = IPA [d͡ʒ], 2. t̩ = IPA [ʈ], 2. d̩ = IPA [ɖ], l̩ = IPA [ɭ], y = IPA [j], v = IPA [ʋ]


Language name and locationː Ravula, Karnataka state, India [Refer to Ethnologue]
言名称和分布地区拉武拉语 (耶拉瓦 Yerava),  印度南部卡纳塔克邦及喀拉拉邦

 

1. ond͡ʒu

21.  iruvattond͡ʒu

2. iraːɳɖu

22.  iruvattraːɳɖu

3. muːnd͡ʒu

23.  iruvattmuːnd͡ʒ

4. naːlu

24.  iruvattnaːlu

5. and͡ʒu

25.  iruvattand͡ʒu

6. aːru

26.  iruvattaːru

7. eːju

27.  iruvatteːju

8. eʈʈu

28.  iruvatteʈʈu

9. ojmbadu

29.  iruvattojmbadu

10. pattu

30.  muppadu

11. pannondu

40.  naːpadu

12. pandiraːɳɖu

50.  ajmbadu

13. padinmuːnd͡ʒu

60.  aruvadu

14. padinaːlu

70.  eɭuvadu

15. padinand͡ʒu

80.  embadu

16. padinaːru

90.  tombadu

17. padineːju

100. nuːru

18. padineʈʈu

200. irunuːru

19. pattojmbadu

1000. aːjira

20. iruvadu

2000. iraɳɖaːjira

 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. D. N. S. Bhat, Central Institute of Indian Languages. Mysore, India, May 28, 1999.
Extracted from " A Descriptive analysis of Yerava" by B. Mallikarjuna, 1993,
供资料的语言学家: Dr. D. N. S. Bhat, 1999 年 5 月 28 日 .

 

Other comments: Yerava or Ravula is generally considered to be a dialect of Malayalam, but Mallikarjuna argues that it is a distinct language. Some Yerava numerals are different from Malayalam ones. 


 

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