Language name and location: Duna, Papua New Guinea [Refer to Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 杜纳语, 巴布亚新几内亚赫拉省及恩加省

1. mbidu or ndu

21.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ ɡonɑne

2. yɑbɑ

22.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ pou

3. idubɑ

23.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ ɡi

4. tondobɑ

24.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ rɑbɑɡiɑ

5. rebu

25.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ rebɑne

6. rɑɡɑ

26.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ konɑne

7. ɡonɑne

27.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ ɡinɑni  (14+13)

8. pou

28.  mɑlurɑ yɑbɑ  (14 x 2)

9. ɡi

29.  mɑlurɑ yɑbɑ-dɑ ndu

10. rɑbɑɡiɑ

30.  

11. rebɑne

40.  

12. konɑne

50. 

13. ɡinɑni

60.  

14. mɑlurɑ or nɡui ndu

70.  mɑlurɑ-dɑ rebu or tependi or rɑbɑɡiɑ

      ɡonɑne

15. mɑndi or mɑlurɑ-dɑ ndu / mbidu *

80.  

16. mɑlurɑ-dɑ / ɑɡɑ yɑbɑ  (14+2)

90.  

17. mɑlurɑ-dɑ idubɑ

100. hɑnderedi (< Tok Pisin / English)

18. mɑlurɑ-dɑ tondobɑ

200. 

19. mɑlurɑ-dɑ rebu

1000. rɑodeni  (< Tok Pisin / English)

20. mɑlurɑ-dɑ rɑɡɑ 

2000. 

Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Lila San Roque, Linguistics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, May 27, 2008. Sources: Lila San Roque, working principally with members of the Kendoli, Piaro, Kilapa and Alo families (Lake Kopiago); Giles (Msa and MSb); Unnamed (1987); San Roque (2008).

提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Lila San Roque, 2009 年 5 月 27 日.

Other comments: Duna is spoken by about 20,000 speakers in Hela province and Enga province, Papua New Guinea. One lot of fourteen things can be called a ngui, and this unit is used by Duna people today for traditional activities such as describing the number of pigs required for a compensation payment. For example, twenty-four pigs could be ngui ndu gonia rabagia ‘one ngui and ten extra’ (I don’t know the meaning of gonia here). Fourteen lots of fourteen is nguingui. My consultants found it difficult to agree on exactly how counting would proceed after this number, although there was general consensus that fifteen lots of fourteen could be nguingui ndu-da malura ‘one fourteen at/on one nguingui’. There is a separate system for counting coin/paper money which uses the number words in combination with the units kuni ‘10 toea’, rebu ‘50 toea’ and pane ‘2 kina’. Duna speakers today use Tok Pisin and/or English numbers quite extensively but people also employ Duna numerals within a base ten framework. For example, ‘30’ could be tedi(bela) from English/Tok Pisin or rabagia iduba, ‘ten three’. The number ‘16’ could be English/Tok Pisin sikstin or rabagia ndu gonia raga ‘one ten and six’. Words for larger base ten units are borrowed into the language, for example, ‘100’ might be said as wan handred(i) or handredi ndu. In the narrative data, even numbers are quite commonly expressed by repeating the number that represents half of the total amount. This is often then followed by the full number, for example raga raga konane (‘six six twelve’) for ‘12’.

New Testament orthography: phoneme to grapheme correspondence.

     (Note that contrastive lexical pitch is not represented.)

     /ph / p ,  /p / b ,  /ᵐb/ mb ,  m / m ,  /w / w , / j / y,  /t̪ʰ / t ,  / t / d ,  
     /ⁿd/ nd , / n / n ,  / ɾ / r ,  /ɺ / l ,  /kʰ / k ,  /k / ɡ ,  /ⁿɡ/ nɡ,  / h / h, 
     /a / a ,  /ɛ / e , /i/ i , /ɔ/ o ,  /u / u.

Referencesː
Giles, G. (MSa). Duna language lessons.
Giles, G. (MSb). A guide to the pronunciation of Duna.
Unnamed (1987). Mbuga itupa: Duna literacy primer 3. Wewak, PNG: Christian Books Melanesia Inc.
San Roque, L. (2008). An introduction to Duna grammar. PhD thesis, Australian National University.