Language name and location: Chintang Rai, Nepal [Refer to Ethnologue]
|
1. thitta ['ʈʰiʈːa] |
2. hicce ['ɦit̥ːs̥e] / hicci before measures |
3. sumce [ˈsumt̥s̥e], sumci before measures |
Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Robert Schikowski, PhD Student, Department of General
Linguistics, University of Zurich,
Switzerland,
February 13 提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Robert Schikowski, 2013 年 2 月 13 日. |
Other comments: Chintang only retained three traditional numerals, all numerals higher than three are expressed by Nepali loans. The Nepali numbers are different from standard Nepali for two reasons. First, they have been borrowed from Eastern Nepali. For instance, Eastern Nepali has [t̥s̥ʰʌu] for 'six' rather than [t̥s̥ʰʌː], so Chintang and Chɨlɨng have this form, too. Second, some sounds may be adapted to the native phonological system. For instance, [d̪ʌs] 'ten' may be pronounced [ɖɔs] by older speakers. However, both kinds of differences are not deeply embedded into the languages, so younger speakers will use forms that perfectly match Eastern Nepali or even Standard Nepali in pronunciation without older people telling them that that sounds wrong. There are no mixed numerals from 4 to 100. The reason for this probably is that Nepali higher numerals are highly fusional, so there is no way to tear apart their components - cf. e.g. [t̪in] 'three' and [bis] 'twenty' to [tɛis] 'twenty-three'. Above 100, mixing is possible when counting hundreds (200, 300) and thousands (2000, 3000) in Chintang, so instead of full Nepali [dui s?i] 'two hundred' one can say ['ɦit̥ːs̥i sʌi], using the Chintang word for 'two' in its form before measures. This possibility is especially made use of when counting money ('two hundred rupee notes' etc.). So far I do not know whether this kind of mixing is also possible in Chɨlɨng. |
Language name and location: Chintang Rai, Nepal [Refer to Ethnologue]
|
1. thitta |
21. ekkais |
2. hicce / hicci |
22. bais |
3. sumce |
23. teis |
4. car |
24. caubis |
5. pac |
25. paccis |
6. cha / chau |
26. chabbis |
7. sat |
27. satais |
8. ath |
28. aththais |
9. nau |
29. unantīs |
10. das |
30. tis |
11. eghar |
40. calīs |
12. bara |
50. pacas |
13. tera |
60. sathi |
14. caudha |
70. sattari |
15. pandhra |
80. asi |
16. sora |
90. nabbe |
17. satra |
100. sau / sae / thitta sau / thitta sae |
18. athara |
200. dui sau (sae) / hicce sau (sae) |
19. unnais |
1000. hajar / thitta hajar |
20. bīs |
2000. dui hajar / hicce hajar |
Linguist
providing data and dateː Mr.
Goma Banjade,
Tribhivan University,
Kathmandu, Nepal,
February 提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Goma Banjade, 2006 年 2 月 12 日. |
Other comments: The Chintang only has three traditional numerals now, after three they use Nepali numerals completely, the big numerals 100, 200, 1000 and 2000 can be expressed by mixing indigenous numerals with borrowing terms. |
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