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Language name and locationː Copala Triqui, Mexico [Refer to: Ethnologue] |
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1. ʔɔ² |
21. ikɔ² j̃ɜ̃ː¹ j̃ = nasal j |
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2. βih¹ |
22. ikɔ² βih¹ |
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3. waʔnũh¹ |
23. ikɔ² waʔnũh¹ |
| 4. kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ | 24. ikɔ² kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ |
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5. ʔũʔ¹ |
25. ikɔ² ʔũʔ¹ |
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6. watɜ̃ʔ¹ |
26. ikɔ² watɜ̃ʔ¹ |
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7. t͡ʃih² |
27. ikɔ² t͡ʃih² |
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8. tũh² |
28. ikɔ² tũh² |
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9. ũː² |
29. ikɔ² ũː² |
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10. t͡ʃiʔ² |
30. ikɔ² t͡ʃiʔ² |
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11. t͡ʃiɜ̃ː¹ |
40. βih¹ ʒiaː² ( 2 x 20 ) |
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12. t͡ʃuβih¹ |
50. βih¹ ʒiaː² t͡ʃiʔ² |
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13. t͡ʃaʔnũh¹ |
60. βih¹ waʔnũh¹ ( 3 x 20 ) |
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14. t͡ʃikɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ |
70. βih¹ waʔnũh¹ t͡ʃiʔ² |
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15. ʃnũʔ² |
80. βih¹ kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ ( 4 x 20 ) |
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16. ʃnũʔ² j̃ɜ̃ː¹ ( 15 + 1 ) |
90. βih¹ kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ t͡ʃiʔ² |
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17. ʃnũʔ² βih¹ ( 15 + 2 ) |
100. sʲɛntɔ⁴ ( < Spanish ) |
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18. ʃnũʔ² waʔnũh¹ ( 15 + 3 ) |
200. βih¹ sʲɛntɔ⁴ |
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19. ʃnũʔ² kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ ( 15 + 4 ) |
1000. mih³⁵ ( < Spanish ) |
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20. ikɔ² |
2000. βih¹ mih³⁵ |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Barbara Hollenbach,
SIL International, Mexico,
January 3 提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Barbara Hollenbach, 2009 年 1月 3 日 |
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Other comments: Copala Triqui for 15 and 16 to 19 are formed by 15 plus 1,2, 3 and 4. The hundreds and thousands are loanwords from Spanish. The above version is only one form for each number. Note thatː j̃ = 'nasal j'. |
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Language name and locationː Copala Triqui, Mexico [Refer to: Ethnologue] |
|
1. ʔɔ² |
21. ikɔ² j̃ɜ̃ː¹ |
|
2. βih¹ |
22. ikɔ² βih¹ |
|
3. waʔnũh¹ |
23. ikɔ² waʔnũh¹ |
| 4. kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ | 24. ikɔ² kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ |
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5. ʔũʔ¹, ũʔũʔ¹ |
25. ikɔ² ʔũʔ¹ |
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6. watɜ̃ʔ¹ |
26. ikɔ² watɜ̃ʔ¹ |
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7. t͡ʃih², it͡ʃih² |
27. ikɔ² t͡ʃih² |
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8. tũh², itũh², |
28. ikɔ² tũh² |
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9. ũː² |
29. ikɔ² ũː² |
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10. t͡ʃiʔ², it͡ʃiʔ² |
30. ikɔ² t͡ʃiʔ² |
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11. t͡ʃiɜ̃ː¹, ʒiɜ̃ː¹ |
40. βih¹ ʒiaː² ( 2 x 20 ) |
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12. t͡ʃuβih¹, ʒuβih¹ |
50. βih¹ ʒiaː² t͡ʃiʔ² |
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13. t͡ʃaʔnũh¹, ʒaʔnũh¹ |
60. βih¹ waʔnũh¹ ( 3 x 20 ) |
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14. t͡ʃikɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³, ʒikɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³, ʃkɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ |
70. βih¹ waʔnũh¹ t͡ʃiʔ² |
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15. ʃnũʔ² |
80. βih¹ kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ ( 4 x 20 ) |
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16. ʃnũʔ² j̃ɜ̃ː¹ ( 15 + 1 ) |
90. βih¹ kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ t͡ʃiʔ² |
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17. ʃnũʔ² βih¹ ( 15 + 2 ) |
100. sʲɛntɔ⁴ ( < Spanish ) |
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18. ʃnũʔ² waʔnũh¹ ( 15 + 3 ) |
200. βih¹ sʲɛntɔ⁴ |
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19. ʃnũʔ² kɜ̃ʔɜ̃h¹³ ( 15 + 4 ) |
1000. mih³⁵ ( < Spanish ) |
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20. ikɔ² |
2000. βih¹ mih³⁵ |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Dr. Barbara Hollenbach,
SIL International, Mexico,
January 3 提供资料的语言学家: Dr. Barbara Hollenbach, 2009 年 1月 3 日 |
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Other comments: This is version two includes variant forms. |
Phonetic chart for Triqui de Copala (trc)
Barbara Hollenbach, January 2009
CONSONANTS
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Labial |
Dental |
Alveopal. |
Retroflex |
Palatal |
Velar |
Labiovelar |
Glottal |
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fortis stop |
p |
t |
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k |
kʷ |
ʔ |
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lenis stop |
b |
d (ð) |
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ɡ (ɣ) |
ɡʷ (ɣʷ) |
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affricate |
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t͡s |
t͡ʃ |
t͡ʂ |
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fortis fricative |
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s |
ʃ |
ʂ |
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((x)) |
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lenis fricative |
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z |
ʒ |
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nasal |
m |
n (ŋ) |
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trill |
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((r)) |
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flap |
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ɾ (ʐ) |
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lateral |
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l |
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glide |
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j (j̃) |
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w (β, w̃)) |
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laryngeal |
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ʔ, h, # |
Major allophones of a phoneme are enclosed in parentheses following the phoneme.
Phonemes enclosed in double parentheses are found only in loans.
VOWELS
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Front |
Back unrounded |
Back rounded |
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close |
i |
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u |
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mid |
e (ɛ) |
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o (ɔ) |
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open |
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ɑ (ɜ) |
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Major allophones of a phoneme are enclosed in parentheses following the phoneme.
OTHER FEATURES
Nasalization (feature of entire morpheme), exercises influence from right to left. The vowel /ɑ/ has a raised allophone [ɜ] when nasalized.
Word-final layrngeals. A word can end in /ʔ/, /h/, an abstract laryngeal (written # in the chart above), or no laryngeal. Words that end in the abstract laryngeal have extra-short vowels with a ballistic quality, and the vowels /e/ and /o/ have more open allophones [ɛ] and [ɔ]. In the transcription, a single vowel is written. Words that end in no laryngeal have longer vowels.
Tone levels from 1 (low) to 5 (high), including a number of phonetic and phonemic glides; the phonemic patterns are
1
2
3
4 (realized on long vowels as 34)
5 (realized as 35)
13
31
32
In that neither the IPA accents, nor the vertical bar notation allows for the complexity of glides on single vowels, tones are written with superscript numbers in Times New Roman.
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