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Language name and locationː Northwestern Ojibwa, Canada [Refer to Ethnologue] |
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1. peːʃɪk |
21. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ peːʃɪk |
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2. niːʃɪn |
22. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃɪn |
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3. nɪhsɪn |
23. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ nɪhsɪn |
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4. niːwɪn |
24. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːwɪn |
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5. naːnʌn |
25. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ naːnʌn |
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6. ɪnkotwaːhso |
26. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso |
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7. niːʃwaːhso |
27. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso |
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8. ɪhʃwaːhso |
28. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso |
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9. ʃaːnkʌhso |
29. niːʃtʌnʌ hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso |
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10. mɪtaːhso |
30. nɪhsɪmɪtʌnʌ |
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11. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ peːʃɪk |
40. naːmɪtʌnʌ |
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12. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃɪn |
50. naːnɪmɪtʌnʌ |
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13. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ nɪhsɪn |
60. nɪnkotwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ |
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14. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːwɪn |
70. niːʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ |
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15. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ naːnʌn |
80. nɪhʃwaːhsomɪtʌnʌ |
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16. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪnkotwaːhso |
90. ʃaːnkahsomɪtʌnʌ |
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17. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ niːʃwaːhso |
100. ɪnkotwaːhk |
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18. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ɪhʃwaːhso |
200. niːʃwaːhk |
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19. mɪtaːhso hʃɪ ʃaːnkʌhso |
1000. mɪtaːhswaːhk |
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20. niːʃtʌnʌ |
2000. niːʃɪnk mɪtaːhswaːhk |
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Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Charles E. Fiero, Summer Institute of Linguistics,
USA.
February 27 提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Charles E. Fiero, 2009 年 2 月 27 日. 2012 年 2 月 23 日. |
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Other comments: Northwestern Ojibwa has a decimal system. Local variants of the above include: /mɪtaːhso hʃɪ/~/mɪtaːhʃɪ/; /mɪtaːhso/~/mɪtaːhswɪ/; /hʃɪ/~/ʌhʃɪ/; /ɪnkotwaːhso/~/nɪnkotwaːhso/; /ɪhʃwaːhso/ ~ /nɪhʃwaːhso/. For example, NW Ojibwe goes 1 to 5, then breaks into the /-aahsw/ system for 6 to 10. (/ninkw-/ being an alternate for /peʃɪkw/): /ninkotwaahso (1-a:hso), 2-a:hso, 3-aahso, a break at 9, Plains Cree departs entirely for 7 (tepakohp) and 8 (ayina:new). Then both languages revert to the /-tana/ or /mitana/ system for the decades. For teens, Ojibwe uses the "plus" particle, Cree uses /-sa:p/ suffix. NW Ojibwe and Chippewa use the /-a:hkw/ classifier for hundreds: 100 - ninkotwa:hk, 1000 - mita:hswa:hk. Some have opined that the /-a:hkw/ classifier was related to quantities in wooden nail kegs, since /-a:hkw/ is a classifier for certain rigid objects, such as lumber and trees. |
Northwestern Ojibwa Consonant Tableː
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Labial |
Alveolar |
Alveopalatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
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Plosive |
p |
t |
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k |
ʔ |
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Affricatives |
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č (tʃ) |
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Fricatives |
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s |
ʃ |
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h |
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Nasals |
m |
n |
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Semivowels |
y | w |
I list the alveopalatal
affricate with the unit symbol / č/ rather than /tʃ/.
/h/ is
manifested as local friction determined by /V_V/ and-or /V_C/
environment
ranging from bilabial /p / to velar /x/.
/Vhs/ and /VhS/
may be manifested as
[Vs:] and [VS:].
/p/, /t/, /k/, / č/,
/s/, /S/
are classed as lenis, have voiced
allophones in environment /V_V/. They are voiceless elsewhere, with the exceptions
of /s/ and /ʃ/ being optionally voiced in env. /V:_p/, /V:_t / and /V:_k/ . /n/ has
alveopalatal and velar allophones preceding /č/ : [ɲ] and /k/ : [ŋ]; /n/ is
manifested as nasalization of the vowel in environments /Vns/, /Vnʃ/ and /Vnh/.
Northwestern Ojibwa Vowel Chart
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Front |
Central |
Back |
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Close |
iː |
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Near-Close |
ɪ |
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oː, o |
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Mid |
e |
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Open |
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ʌ |
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| aː |