Language name and locationː Nali, Manus, Papua New Guinea [Refer toː Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 纳利语 (Akara dialect), 巴布亚新几内亚之马努斯岛

1. sih

21. 

2. malwoh

22. 

3. motojoh

23. 

4. mahahu

24. 

5. majimah

25. 

6. manonoh

26. 

7. manondrtojoh   ( 10 - 3 )

27. 

8. mandondolwoh  ( 10 - 2 )

28. 

9. manondrsih       ( 10 - 1 )

29. 

10. masuŋui

30.  matiŋui

11. masuŋui e sih

40.  mahaŋui

12. masuŋui e luwoh

50.  majimŋui

13. masuŋui e tojoh

60.  manoŋui

14. masuŋui e hahu

70.  manondrtiŋui

15. masuŋui e jimah

80.  mandondolŋui

16. masuŋui e onoh

90.  manonndrsuŋui

17. masuŋui e ondrtojoh

100. masaŋat

18. masuŋui e ondondolwoh 

200. malŋet

19. masuŋui e ondrosih

1000. mosapou

20. maluŋui

2000. malpou

Linguist providing data and dateː Miss Jessica Cleary-Kemp, PhD student, Dept. of

Linguistics, University of California at Berkeley, USA. 7 December, 2010.

提供资料的语言学家: Miss Jessica Cleary-Kemp, 2010 年 12 月 7 日

Other comments: Akara is spoken in Ndanou village, this language should be a dialect

of Nali. Updated data needed.

Language name and locationː Nali, Manus, Papua New Guinea [Refer toː Ethnologue]

语言名称和分布地区: 纳利语, 巴布亚新几内亚之马努斯岛

1. sih

21.  luŋui pe sih

2. luwoh

22.  luŋui pe luwoh

3. royoh * ( see notes below)

23.  luŋui pe royoh

4. hahiu

24.  luŋui pe hahiu

5. yimah

25.  luŋui pe yimah

6. annoh * ( anonoh )   ( 10 - 4 )

26.  luŋui pe annoh

7. andrtoyoh * ( androtoyoh ) ( 10 - 3 )

27.  luŋui pe andrtoyoh

8. andrluwoh * (androluwoh ) ( 10 - 2 )

28.  luŋui pe andrluwoh ( androluwoh)

9. androsih ( 10 - 1 )

29.  luŋui pe androsih

10. soŋui

30.  tiŋui

11. soŋui pe sih

40.  haŋui or haaŋui *

12. soŋui pe luwoh *

50.  yimiŋui

13. soŋui pe royoh

60.  anoŋui

14. soŋui pe hahiu

70.  andrtiŋui

15. soŋui pe yimah

80.  andrluŋui ( androluŋui )

16. soŋui pe annoh

90.  androsoŋui ( androsoŋui )

17. soŋui pe andrtoyoh

100. saŋat

18. soŋui pe andrluwoh ( androluwoh)

200. luŋat

19. soŋui pe androsih

1000. sopou

20. luŋui

2000. lupou

Linguist providing data and dateː Mr. Jerry Pfaff. December 16, 2009.

SIL International, Papua New Guinea

提供资料的语言学家: Mr. Jerry Pfaff, 2009 年 12 月 16 日

Other comments: Nali has a typical "Manus type" Austronesian language decimal counting system with special structure for numerals 6 to 9. Please note the following:

3-three: toyoh – The number for three, pronounced “toyoh” has an initial phoneme that presents as a flap ‘r’ intervocalically but as a ‘t’ in word-initial position and as

an unreleased ‘t’ in word-final position.  Therefore, in the numbers thirteen (‘songui

pe royoh’) and twenty-three (‘lungui pe royoh’) it is pronounced and spelled with

the ‘r’ but in word-initial position, it is pronounced and spelled by Nali speakers

using a ‘t’.

6-six: annoh – Spoken Nali often contracts words by dropping out vowels in multi-syllable words.  The number six, when pronounced in a counting sequence is pronounced with a lengthened ‘n’ which is a contraction where there would normally be a vowel ‘o’ between two ‘n’ sounds.  If it were talking about six items like six coconuts (‘niu’), then one would say “niu manonoh” and there would be a prefixed

‘m’ plus one would pronounce the vowel ‘o’ between the two ‘n’ sounds.

7-seven: andrtoyoh – Another contraction occurs within the sequence of numbers 7, 8, and 9, where the Nali uses what you probably will recognize from other Austronesian languages – a  ‘subtraction’ indicator.  Seven is ‘less three’, eight is ‘less two’, and nine is ‘less one’ – as you will recognize those three stems from earlier in the list with the added prefix ‘andro-’ (‘less’).  However the ‘o’ in ‘andro-’ sometimes is not pronounced in spoken Nali except before ‘sih’ (in the number 9, it is ‘androsih’).  The ‘o’ has been dropped in the contracted numbers 7 (‘andrtoyoh’) and 8 “andrluwoh”. (Note that because the ‘t’ in andrtoyoh is not intervocalic, is presents as a ‘t’ rather than a flap ‘r’ as noted above.)  In certain people’s speech, however (whether determined by a speaker’s dialect or idiolect, I am not certain) numbers like 8 ‘andrluwoh’, which is a contraction of “androluwoh” sometimes is contracted instead by dropping the ‘u’ in ‘luwoh’ rather than the ‘o’ in ‘andro-’ and, thus, the number 8 can present as “androlwoh”.

40- forty: hangui or haangui – The number can have a lengthened ‘a’ sound, written here using doubling of the vowel – ‘aa’. The reason for this is not completely clear,

but a little information might lead to an educated guess.  The Nali number system has a multitude of counting “classes” depending on what is being counted.  The system for simply counting the cardinal numbers “one, two, three…” is represented by the same class as that used for counting stones or coconuts.  But there are other systems in use for other counting. In most of those systems, the ha- prefix occurs on the number for one of an item.  (hakap – one tree leaf; hakol – one place/village; hakou – one tree; hamou – one person/living thing/animal; etc.).  To distinguish between ‘one coconut fruit’ and ‘one coconut tree’, the number word carries the appropriate class marker. 

In this way ‘niu sih’ (one coconut) and ‘niu hakou’ (one coconut tree) can be easily distinguished by the number word which belongs to a certain counting class. Similarly the prefix ‘lu-‘ indicates two of the items listed above (lukap; lukol; lukou; lumou) and the ‘ti- prefix indicates three have the prefix ti- (tikap; tikol; tikou; timou).  When you want to count four of an item, however, the prefix is ha- again (as in the basic ‘hahiu’ for the counting number ‘four’, but in order to distinguish it from the singular, the ‘a’ is lengthened in speech.  Hence four (when counting leaves) would be pronounced ‘haakap’, and four people ‘haamou’.  The lengthening may be a compensation for numbers used when in the act of in counting, versus numbers used in general speaking.  For instance, if you had a row or school children and you started to walk along the line counting them, you would count “hamou, lumou, timou, haamou, yimou, …”  But if you wanted to report that you just saw one child or two children or three children or four children walking down the street your would report that you saw ‘hamou’ (1), or ‘malmou’ (2 - contracted from ‘malumou’) or ‘matimou’(3) or ‘mahamou’ (4). The prefix ma- indicates that you are going to state a number (greater than one). While you would report seeing one child as ‘hamou’, you would report seeing four children as ‘mahamou’. So there is no problem distinguishing between one child and four children, because of the prefix ma- on the numbers after 1.  But if you were just looking and counting out loud, you would not use the ‘ma-‘ prefix. You would simply count “hamou, lumou, timou …” as noted above. But when you got to four, you may want to do something to distinguish between hamou (1) and mahamou (4) when you were not using the ma- prefix.  This is achieved by lengthening the ‘a’ and saying ‘hamou, lumou, timou, haamou…’ while looking at, for example, a row of children.  Thus, sometimes the lengthened ‘a’ in ‘haa-‘ indicates the number 4.  This has been written by Nali speakers as ‘aa’, though in normal speech, you would more likely hear ‘mahamou’ rather than ‘mahaamou’, since the ‘ma-‘ helps to indicate the number 4, without having to lengthen the ‘a’ sound.  However, in writing there has been a general an inconsistency in writing ‘a’ or ‘aa’ in words that represent the number four (4).  Thus, in the number forty (40) one may find it written or pronounced with or without lengthening of the vowel ’a’ – either ‘hangui’ or haangui’.

Other numbers noted in parentheses/brackets:

Because of contracting words and dropping out some vowels, pronunciation of

various words differs from speaker to speaker. Items included in parentheses/brackets represent alternate pronunciations or basic forms without the contractions.

The phonetic guide to assist with the pronunciation for the numbers listed above can be found in the preliminary Organized Phonology Data file for the Nali language at:

http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/0000264/Nali.pdf