Vocative Marker (Feature 107)
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Feature Annotation
A vocative expression consists of a form of address (i.e. name, title, or kinship term etc.) plus possibly a vocative marker.
A vocative marker is a particle or affix that accompanies the form of address in a vocative expression and that marks the expression as vocative. It is not a definitional property of vocative markers that they should be used together with a form of address; particles like English hey which can also be used alone (and then have roughly the same function) are also considered as vocative markers. (In other contexts, vocative markers may have other uses besides the vocative use; these are of no interest here.)
Vocative markers may follow or precede the form of address as part of a vocative expression, and they may be either optional or obligatory. If a marker occurs equally frequently before and after the address form, or if there are several markers, some following and some preceding, choose “no dominant order”.
Additional remarks
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Values
| Value | Value Annotation | |
| 1 | Vocative marker optional, mostly preceding | English Hey Jude, Belizean Creoleey Jeni |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Vocative marker optional, mostly following | Seychelles Creole Mari-o, Nigerian Pidgin Àdé o ‘Hey Àdé’ |
| 3 | Vocative marker optional, no dominant order | |
| 4 | Vocative marker obligatory, mostly preceding | |
| 5 | Vocative marker obligatory, mostly following | Latin Domin-e‘Oh Lord’, Principense Zwan ê |
| 6 | Vocative marker obligatory, no dominant order | |
| 7 | No vocative marker exists | |
WALS No.
(None)
