Instrument Relative Clauses (Feature 94)

From Apics

Feature Annotation

Here we are asking about instrument relative clauses, i.e. relative clauses in which the relativized element plays the role of instrument. (See Features 92 and 93 for other relative clause types.)
The terms relative pronoun, resumptive pronoun, gap, zero and non-reduction are explained in the Feature annotation to Feature 92. Note that just like case-marking (as in who/whom), the occurrence in a pied piping construction (with fronting of the preposition, e.g. the scissors with which she cut the paper) is regarded as a sufficient criterion for pronoun status here.

Additional remarks

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Values

Value		Value Annotation
1	Relative pronoun with pied-piping	Pied-piping means that the instrumental preposition is fronted together with the pronoun: the scissors with which she cut the paper
2	Relative particle and gap with adposition stranding	English the scissors [that I cut the paper with Ø] (relative clause is marked by particle that, role of head is shown by gap Ø, preposition with is stranded)
3	Relative particle and resumptive pronoun	Something like “the scissors that she cut the paper with it”
4	Zero and gap with adposition stranding	Something like “the scissors [Ø she cut the paper with __]” (zero relative marker, role of head shown by gap after stranded preposition)
5	Zero and resumptive pronoun	Something like “the scissors [Ø she cut the paper with it]” (zero relative marker, role of head shown by resumptive pronoun)
6	Non-reduction	In the non-reduction strategy, the head noun appears as a full-fledged noun phrase within the relative clause (e.g. correlative: Which scissors she cut the paper with, (that) I bought yesterday, or internally headed: I bought [she cut the paper with the scissors]) See also Feature 7, values 3 and 4.
7	Other	(Please give details in the “General comments” field.)

WALS No.

(123) (Partial)